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https://hdl.handle.net/11147/4573
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DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.contributor.advisor | Sofuoğlu, Sait Cemil | en_US |
dc.contributor.advisor | Kurt Karakuş, Perihan Binnur | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Çiçek, Tuğba | - |
dc.date.accessioned | 2016-04-28T12:49:30Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2016-04-28T12:49:30Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2015-12 | - |
dc.identifier.citation | Çiçek, T. (2015). Persistent organic pollutants in Turkey's atmosphere: Spatial variation. Unpublished master's thesis, İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, Turkey | en_US |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/11147/4573 | - |
dc.description | Thesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Environmental Engineering, Izmir, 2015 | en_US |
dc.description | Full text release delayed at author's request until 2019.01.05 | en_US |
dc.description | Includes bibliographical references (leaves. 69-76) | en_US |
dc.description | Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and English | en_US |
dc.description | x, 88 leaves | en_US |
dc.description.abstract | The objectives of this study was to measure ambient air levels of 43 PCBs and 22 OCPs in 16 cities at urban and background sites by using polyurethane foam discs (PUF) as passive air samplers (PAS), to investigate spatial variations, and to generate a baseline database which is the first large-scale nationwide database for POP residues in air of Turkey. Air sampling was conducted from May 2014 to April 2015 with three-month sampling periods. Samples were analyzed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry after extraction, clean-up, and volume reduction. The one-year overall average Σ43PCBs concentration was 108±132 pg/m3. The one-year average of Σ43PCBs ranged from 14.5±14.3 pg/m3 (Kayseri) to 403±428 pg/m3 (İzmir) at urban sites with a mean of 116±141 pg/m3, and from 19.0±22.7 pg/m3 (Aksaray) to 217±353 pg/m3 (Kastamonu) at rural sites with a mean of 101±122 pg/m3. PCB 118 had the highest mean concentration (26.3±44.6 pg/m3) among the 43 PCB congeners. The PCB homologue group with the highest contribution was penta-CBs with 54.3%. Overall one-year average Σ22OCPs concentration was 341±870 pg/m3 with a range of 55.3±36.5 pg/m3 (Çankırı) and 1294±2153 pg/m3 (Kırklareli). ΣDDT had the highest overall mean level with 134±296 pg/m3 among the OCP groups. The highest concentration OCPs were p’p-DDE (97.6±236 pg/m3), HCB (45.3±197 pg/m3), α-HCH (22.0±92.8 pg/m3), β-HCH (21.8±96.1 pg/m3), and p’p-DDT (21.3±77.4 pg/m3). Principle Components Analysis showed that, in addition to the OCP with the highest concentration (p’p-DDE), parent OCP compounds such as α-endosulfan, α-HCH, HCB, and p’p-DDT differed from the others, and some of the remaining decay products were grouped together indicating similar behavior. Highly chlorinated PCBs were clustered together. Mann-Whitney U test indicated that the difference in the median concentrations of urban and rural sites was not significant. It was also used to test the significance of temperature effect on the median concentrations at a high and a low temperature range. The medians were significantly different for HCB, dieldrin, p’p-DDT, and β-endosulfan at urban sites but not significant for the remaining OCPs and ΣPCBs. The difference in the medians was significant for HCB, heptachlor, dieldrin, endrin, p’p-DDE, Mirex, and ΣPCBs at rural sites | en_US |
dc.description.abstract | Bu çalışmada, yersel değişkenliği incelemek ve Türkiye atmosferinde bulunan KOK kalıntılarını gösteren ilk büyük ölçekli ulusal veri tabanını oluşturmak amacıyla seçilen 16 şehirdeki kentsel ve kırsal alanlara yerleştirilen pasif hava örnekleyicileri ile 43 adet PCB ve 22 adet OKP’nin atmosferdeki derişimleri incelenmiştir. Örnekleme dönemi 3 aylık periyotlar ile gerçekleştirilmiş ve Mayıs 2014 – Nisan 2015 tarihleri arasında 1 yıl sürmüştür. PÜK disklerin ekstraksiyonu, temizlenmesi ve hacim azaltılması işlemlerinden sonar elde edilen numuneler gaz kromatografisi - kütle spektrometresi ile analiz edilmişlerdir. Yıllık ortalama Σ43PCB derişimi 108±132 pg/m3’dür. Değerler kentsel alanlar için 14,5±14,3 pg/m3 (Kayseri) ve 403±428 pg/m3 (İzmir) aralığında (ortalama 116±141 pg/m3) değişirken, kırsal alanlar için 19,0±22,7 pg/m3 (Aksaray) ve 217±353 pg/m3 (Kastamonu) aralığında (ortalama 101±122 pg/m3) değişkenlik göstermiştir. PCB 118, 26,3±44,6 pg/m3 ile en yüksek ortalama derişime sahip olan PCBdir. Penta-CBler %54,3 ile en yüksek katkısı olan gruptur. Yıllık ortalama Σ22OKP derişimi 341±870 pg/m3’tür. Değerler 55,3±36,5 pg/m3 (Çankırı) - 1294±2153 pg/m3 (Kırklareli) aralığında değişmiştir. ΣDDT, 134±296 pg/m3’lük yıllık ortalama ile en yüksek derişime sahip grup olmuştur. p’p-DDE (97,6±236 pg/m3), HCB (45,3±197 pg/m3), α-HCH (22,0±92,8 pg/m3), β-HCH (21,8±96,1 pg/m3) ve p’p-DDT (21,3±77,4 pg/m3) en yüksek ortalamalara sahip olan OKPlerdir. Asal Bilesen Analizi sonucunda en yüksek derişime sahip olan p’p-DDE ile α-endosulfan, α-HCH, HCB ve p’p-DDT gibi ana kirleticilerler oldukça farklı bir patern izlemiş olup kalan OKPlerden bazı bozunma ürünleri ise beraber kümelenmiştir. Yüksek klorlu PCBler birlikte kümelenmiştir. Mann-Whitney U test sonucunda kentsel ve kırsal alanlarda ölçülen ortanca değerler arasında istatistiksel olarak bir fark bulunmamıştır. Örnekler yüksek ve düşük sıcaklık grubu olarak ayrıldıklarında, kentsel alanlarda HCB, dieldrin, p’p-DDT ve β-endosulfan derişimlerinin ortanca değerleri arasındaki farklılık istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Kırsal alanlarda ise HCB, heptaklor, dieldrin, endrin, p’p-DDE, Mirex ve Σ43PCB derişimlerinin ortanca değerleri arasındaki farklılık istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır. | en_US |
dc.description.sponsorship | TÜBİTAK | en_US |
dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
dc.publisher | Izmir Institute of Technology | en_US |
dc.rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | en_US |
dc.subject | Persistent pollutants | en_US |
dc.subject | Passive air samplers | en_US |
dc.subject.lcsh | Air--Pollution | en_US |
dc.title | Persistent organic pollutants in Turkey's atmosphere: Spatial variation | en_US |
dc.title.alternative | Türkiye atmosferinde kalıcı organik kirleticiler: Yersel değişkenlik | en_US |
dc.type | Master Thesis | en_US |
dc.authorid | TR116126 | en_US |
dc.institutionauthor | Çiçek, Tuğba | - |
dc.department | Thesis (Master)--İzmir Institute of Technology, Environmental Engineering | en_US |
dc.relation.publicationcategory | Tez | en_US |
item.fulltext | With Fulltext | - |
item.grantfulltext | open | - |
item.languageiso639-1 | en | - |
item.openairecristype | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_18cf | - |
item.cerifentitytype | Publications | - |
item.openairetype | Master Thesis | - |
Appears in Collections: | Master Degree / Yüksek Lisans Tezleri Sürdürülebilir Yeşil Kampüs Koleksiyonu / Sustainable Green Campus Collection |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
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T001436.pdf | MasterThesis | 4.69 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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