Proteogenomik Yaklaşımlar Kullanılarak Trueperella Pyogenes Piyolizin Toksinine Özgü Nanokorların Tanımlanması
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2025
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Hayvancılık sektörün başta olmak üzere Trueperella pyogenes enfeksiyonları (mastitis gibi) önemli ekonomik kayıplara yol açmakta ve artan antibiyotik direnci, hedefe yönelik tanı ve tedavi yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesini zorunlu kılmaktadır. Bakterinin başlıca virülans faktörü olan Piyolizin, immünojenik yapısı nedeniyle potansiyel bir antikor hedefidir. Nanokorlar, küçük boyutları, yüksek afiniteleri, üstün yapısal kararlılıkları ve kolay üretimleri sayesinde geleneksel antikorlara güçlü bir alternatif sunmaktadır. Bu proje, proteogenomik yaklaşımlar kullanılarak T. pyogenes enfeksiyonlarının tanı ve tedavisinde kullanılabilecek Piyolizin'e özgü nanokorları tanımlamayı amaçlamıştır. Piyolizin geninin çeşitli varyasyonlarda rekombinant ekspresyonu ve saflaştırılması başarıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Alpakalar inaktive edilmiş Pyolosin toksini ile immünize edilerek, elde edilen antikor yanıtları ELISA yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir. VHH kütüphanesi oluşturmak amacıyla, periferik kan mononükleer hücrelerinden (PKMH) toplam RNA izolasyonu ve cDNA sentezi yapılmış; antijene özgü antikorların proteomik analizi ve nanokor adaylarının seçimi için immünopresipitasyon ve kütle spektrometrisi teknikleri uygulanmıştır. Toplamda Pyolysine özgü 26 nanokor adayı filogenetik olarak analiz edilmiş ve ileri çalışmalar için üç temsilci (NB1, NB2, NB3) seçilmiştir. Seçilen dizilerin biyofiziksel özellikleri in silico olarak değerlendirilmiş ve üretime uygunlukları analiz edilmiştir. NB3 başarıyla üretilmiş ve karakterize edilmiştir. Ancak NB1 ve NB2 nanokorlarının ekspresyonunda çözünmezlik ve agregasyon problemleri gözlenmiş, bu durum yapısal stabilite ile ilgili sorunlara işaret etmiştir. Bu proje, Pyolosin'i hedefleyen nanokorların tanımlanmasında önemli bir ilk adımı temsil etmekte ve nanokor tabanlı hızlı tanı sistemleri ile antimikrobiyal alternatiflerin geliştirilmesi için değerli bir kaynak sağlamaktadır. Elde edilen deneyimler, proteogenomik yaklaşımla farklı patojenlere karşı nanokor geliştirilmesine de ışık tutacaktır.
In the livestock industry, Trueperella pyogenes infections (such as mastitis) cause significant economic losses, and rising antibiotic resistance necessitates the development of targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Pyolysin, the bacterium's major virulence factor, is a promising antibody target due to its immunogenic structure. Nanobodies offer a strong alternative to conventional antibodies thanks to their small size, high affinity, exceptional structural stability, and ease of production. This project aimed to identify Pyolysin-specific nanobodies that could be used for the diagnosis and treatment of T. pyogenes infections using proteogenomic approaches. The recombinant pyolysin was successfully expressed and purified. Alpacas were immunized with inactivated Pyolysin toxin, and the resulting antibody responses were evaluated via ELISA. To construct a VHH library, RNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and cDNA was synthesized. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry techniques were used to analyze antigen-specific antibodies and identify candidate nanobodies. A total of 26 Pyolysin-specific nanobody candidates were identified and analyzed phylogenetically, three representatives (NB1, NB2, NB3) selected for further study. The biophysical properties of the selected sequences were evaluated in silico to assess their production suitability. NB3 was successfully expressed and characterized. However, NB1 and NB2 showed issues with insolubility and aggregation during expression, suggesting possible problems with solubility. This project represents an important first step in identifying nanobodies targeting Pyolysin and provides a valuable foundation for developing nanobody-based rapid diagnostics and antimicrobial alternatives. The experience gained also offers a pipeline for developing nanobodies against other pathogens using proteogenomic strategies.
In the livestock industry, Trueperella pyogenes infections (such as mastitis) cause significant economic losses, and rising antibiotic resistance necessitates the development of targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Pyolysin, the bacterium's major virulence factor, is a promising antibody target due to its immunogenic structure. Nanobodies offer a strong alternative to conventional antibodies thanks to their small size, high affinity, exceptional structural stability, and ease of production. This project aimed to identify Pyolysin-specific nanobodies that could be used for the diagnosis and treatment of T. pyogenes infections using proteogenomic approaches. The recombinant pyolysin was successfully expressed and purified. Alpacas were immunized with inactivated Pyolysin toxin, and the resulting antibody responses were evaluated via ELISA. To construct a VHH library, RNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and cDNA was synthesized. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry techniques were used to analyze antigen-specific antibodies and identify candidate nanobodies. A total of 26 Pyolysin-specific nanobody candidates were identified and analyzed phylogenetically, three representatives (NB1, NB2, NB3) selected for further study. The biophysical properties of the selected sequences were evaluated in silico to assess their production suitability. NB3 was successfully expressed and characterized. However, NB1 and NB2 showed issues with insolubility and aggregation during expression, suggesting possible problems with solubility. This project represents an important first step in identifying nanobodies targeting Pyolysin and provides a valuable foundation for developing nanobody-based rapid diagnostics and antimicrobial alternatives. The experience gained also offers a pipeline for developing nanobodies against other pathogens using proteogenomic strategies.
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Biyoloji, Biyomühendislik, Biyoteknoloji, Biyoteknoloji, Protein Mühendisliği, Biology, Bioengineering, Biotechnology, Biotechnology, Protein Engineering
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