Architecture / Mimarlık

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Citation - Scopus: 1
Factors Affecting Tourist Visits To Archaeological Sites in Turkey: a Spatial Regression Analysis
(Lodz University Press, 2023) Toköz, Ö.D.; Avci, A.B.; Duran, H.E.
The study focuses on the factors affecting visitor numbers to archaeological sites in Turkey. The aim is to investigate the geographical, economic, and demographic factors underlying the visits using statistical methods. The study covers 117 archaeological site visits in 2019. Although existing studies analysed determinants of visits to archaeological sites of different countries, the evidence needs to be explicit. Methodologically, the classical linear regression models are primarily applied in the literature, whereas the incorporation of spatial dependence has largely been ignored. This study contributes to the literature by employing demographic, economic, and climatic factors and spatial relations between the sites. Therefore, spatial autoregressive (SAR) and spatial error models (SEM) are developed in the analyses. According to the results, WHL inscription and distance to the city centre are crucial factors for the visits. In addition, the study emphasizes the significant negative effect of spatial dependence on visitor numbers of archaeological sites near each other. © by the author, licensee Łódź University – Łódź University Press, Łódź, Poland.
Tek Katlı Yapılar için Çekişmeli Üretici Ağlarda Ölçeklendirme ve Kontrol Yöntemleri
(2024) İlal, Mustafa Emre; Ekici, Berk; İlal, Mustafa Emre; 02.02. Department of Architecture; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Yapay zeka (YZ) teknolojilerinin, birçok alanda insanlardan daha hızlı ve etkili çözümler sunabilme kapasitesine sahip olduğu gözlemlenmektedir. Mimarlıkta ise, YZ'nin daha işlevsel ve daha yüksek başarımlı yapılar oluşturması beklenmektedir. YZ ile mimari plan tasarımı üretme çalışmalarında Çekişmeli Üretici Ağlar (ÇÜA - Generative Adversarial Networks - GAN) kullanımı literatürde tercih edilmektedir. Sunulan bu çalışma kapsamında, literatürde var olan tek katlı bina plan çözüm kütüphanelerinden öğrenip yeni planlar oluşturabilen bir model geliştirilmiştir. U-Net Mimarisi ve Uygulamalı Evrişimsel Mesaj Aktarımı (UEMA) ÇÜA modeline entegre edilmiş ve modelin odalar arası ilişkileri daha iyi öğrenmesi ve kenar algısını güçlendirmesi sağlanmıştır. Eğitimi tamamlanmış model için pikselleri gerçek alanlara çevirmek üzere bir ölçeklendirme yöntemi geliştirildikten sonra kullanıcının üretilen planlar üzerinde kontrolünün sağlanması için iki ayrı yaklaşım araştırılmıştır. İlk yaklaşım model üretirken oda boyutlarını kısıtlamaya, ikinci yöntem ise üretilen planların kısıtlara uymayanlarını kabul etmemeye dayalıdır. İki yaklaşım da başarılı sonuçlar verirken, ilk yaklaşımda odalar arası ilişkilerde sorunlar gözlemlenmiş, ikinci yaklaşımda ise plan üretim süreci uzamıştır. Kullanıcılar, geliştirilen sistemde odaların boyutlarını ve planın toplam metrekaresini belirleyerek tek katlı plan tasarımları üretebilmektedirler. Bu araştırma, tasarım süreçlerinde kullanıcı merkezli tasarım süreçlerinin geliştirilmesinin önemini ve mimari planlamada veriye dayalı yaklaşımların kullanım potansiyelini vurgulamaktadır.
Kompleks Cephe Tasarımlarında Makine Öğrenme Eğrileri: Tahminleme Modelleri Doğru Optimizasyonu Beraberinde Getiriyor Mu?
(2023) Ekici, Berk; 02.02. Department of Architecture; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Birleşmiş Milletler Sürdürülebilirlik Kalkınma Hedefleri kapsamında sürdürülebilir bina performansına daha etkin bir şekilde ulaşılması hedeflenerek, araştırmacılar ve profesyoneller yapay zekâ yöntemlerini giderek artan bir şekilde tasarım süreçlerine dahil etmektedir. Makine öğrenmesi ile optimizasyon, bu bağlamda öne çıkan uygulamalar arasında yer almaktadır. Amaç, tahmin modelleri geliştirerek simülasyon gerektiren performans hedeflerini optimize ederken, gerekli olan hesaplama zamanın indirgenmesidir. Geliştirilen tahmin modellerinin doğruluğunu değerlendiren yöntemlerin genel yaklaşımı, toplanan sınırlı veri üzerinden bir çıkarım yapmaya yöneliktir. Halbuki, optimizasyon algoritmaları en iyi tasarım alternatifine ulaşabilmek için, arama alanlarındaki farklı bölgelere sıçrayabilme özelliğini taşımaktadır. Bu sebeple, sadece toplanan örnekler üzerinden tahmin modellerinin doğruluğunu test etmek, makine öğrenmesi ile optimizasyon sürecinde tahmin edilen sonucun gerçek arama alanında çok daha farklı bir sonuca karşılık gelmesi durumunu doğurabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı farklı makine öğrenme algoritmalarını kullanarak geliştirilen tahmin modellerinin optimizasyon süreçlerinde ne kadar doğru sonuçlar üretebildiğini araştırmaktır. Bu kapsamda makine öğrenmesi kullanarak optimizasyon sonuçlarının doğruluğunun test edildiği yeni bir yöntem sunulmuştur. 27 tasarım parametresine sahip 3 katlı bir binada yer alan kompleks bir parametrik cephe modeli, aydınlatma ve solar radyasyon simülasyon modellerine entegre edilerek geliştirilmiştir. Literatürde yaygın bir şekilde kullanılan yapay sinir ağları (ANN), çoklu doğrusal regresyon (MLR), destek vektör makineleri (SVM), rastgele orman (RF) ve karar ağacı (DT) algoritmaları 250 ile 2000 örneğe sahip toplanan her bir veri seti üzerinde aydınlatma ve solar radyasyon performans hedeflerine uygulanmıştır. Tahmin sonuçlarının optimizasyon sonuçları ile kıyaslanması adına yüksek zaman gerektiren fonksiyon değerlendirmeleri üzerine geliştirilen radyal tabanlı işlev yöntemi ile optimizasyon (RBFOpt) algoritması tek hedefli ve iki kısıt fonksiyonu olan bir optimizasyon probleminde kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonunda elde edilen sonuçlar, sadece toplanan örneklere dayanan tahmin modellerinin optimizasyon sürecinde hatalı sonuçlara neden olabileceğini göstermektedir. Makine öğrenmesi algoritmaları toplanan veriler hakkında doğru tahminlerde bulunabilirken, bu tahminler optimizasyon süreci boyunca toplanan verilerin dışına çıktığı zaman yanlış tahmin sonuçlarını doğurabilmektedir. Bu kapsamda önerilmiş olan yöntem karar vericiler için hangi makine öğrenmesi algoritmasının daha doğru optimizasyon sonuçları verebileceği hakkında yardımcı olmaktadır.
Exploring Quantitative Analysis of Thermal Comfort in Architecture as a Positivist Research Paradigm
(2024) Avcı, Ali Berkay; 02.02. Department of Architecture; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 3
Estimation of Heat Production Rate Using Thermal Data During Exercise in Indoor Environments: a Study of Heat Storage Rate in Male Athletes
(Springer, 2024) Balci, Gorkem Aybars; Başaran, Tahsin; Avci, Ali Berkay; Avcı, Ali Berkay; Colakoglu, Muzaffer; Basaran, Tahsin; Balcı, Görkem Aybars; Avcı, Ali Berkay; Çolakoğlu, Muzaffer; Başaran, Tahsin; 02.02. Department of Architecture; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
The increasing preference for indoor exercise spaces highlights the relationship between indoor thermal environments and physiological responses, particularly concerning thermal comfort during physical activity. Determining the metabolic heat production rate during exercise is essential for optimizing the thermal comfort, well-being, and performance of individuals engaged in physical activities. This value can be determined during the activity using several methods, including direct calorimetry measurement, indirect calorimetry that uses analysis of respiratory gases, or approximations using collected data such as speed, body mass, and heart rate. The study aimed to calculate the metabolic heat production rate by infrared thermal evaluation (ITE) based on the body's thermal balance approach and compare it with the values determined by indirect calorimetry (IC). Fourteen participants volunteered for the study, using a cycling ergometer in a controlled climatic chamber. After the familiarization sessions, maximal O-2 intake levels (VO2max) were determined through maximal graded exercise tests. Subsequently, constant work rate exercise tests were performed at 60% of VO2max for 20 min. The metabolic heat production rates were calculated by IC and ITE for each athlete individually. Respiratory gases were used to determine IC, while body skin and core temperatures, along with physical environmental data, were applied to calculate ITE using the human body thermal balance approximation of ASHRAE. According to the results, heat storage rates were misleading among the body's heat transfer modes, particularly during the first 8 min of the exercise. ITE showed a moderate level of correlation with IC (r: 0.03-0.86) with a higher level of dispersion relative to the mean (CV%: 12-84%). Therefore, a new equation (ITEnew) for the heat storage rates was proposed using the experimental data from this study. The results showed that ITEnew provided more precise estimations for the entire exercise period (p > 0.05). Correlations between ITEnew and IC values were consistently strong throughout the exercise period (r: 0.62-0.85). It can be suggested that ITEnew values can predict IC during the constant work rate steady-state exercise.
20. Yüzyıldan Günümüze Bir Kentsel Doğa Parçası: Papazın Bağı
(2023) Tükenmez, Başak; Tükenmez, Başak; Sökülmez, Buse Ezgi; Sökülmez, Buse Ezgi; 02.02. Department of Architecture; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Araştırma, nitelikli bir doğal koruma alanını ve ticari bir işletmeyi içeren doğa parçası Papazın Bağı’nın, 20. yüzyılın başından günümüze mikro tarihinin, şekillenme ve dönüşüm süreçlerinin ‘kentsel doğa’ kavramı çerçevesinde derinlikli bir incelemesini ve değerlendirilmesini yapmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında, bağ ve bağ evi yaşamının Kuloğlu ailesi tarafından terk edildiği ve kentleşmenin etkisiyle alanın kentsel doğa karakteri kazandığı 1960’lı ve 1970’li yıllar dönüm noktası olarak kabul edilerek Papazın Bağı mikro tarihi iki aşamada ele alınmaktadır. Birinci aşamada bağ ve bağ evi kültürü, ikinci aşamada kentleşme ve kentsel doğa ekseninde, Papazın Bağı kentsel doğasının günümüze kadar olan değişim ve dönüşüm süreçlerini meydana getiren etkenler, aktörler ve olaylar; buna bağlı olarak insan, yapılı çevre ve doğanın karşılıklı etkileşimleri ortaya konulmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, Papazın Bağı kentsel doğa parçası, çok aktörlü bir örneklem ve laboratuvar olarak ele alınarak insan, kültür ve kenti doğaya karşıt kavramlar olarak konumlandıran anlatıların ötesine geçilmeye çalışılmaktadır.
Art and Construction Related Qualities of 14th‒15th Century Monuments in a Rural Landscape on the Western Coast of Türkiye
(KeAi Communications Co., 2024) Hamamcıoğlu Turan, Mine; Hamamcıoğlu Turan, Mine; Aktaş, Engin; Aktaş, Engin; Toköz, Özge Deniz; Toköz, Özge Deniz; 02.02. Department of Architecture; 02.01. Department of Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage; 03.03. Department of Civil Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology; 02. Faculty of Architecture
This study aims to contribute to the understanding of the evolution of art and construction in the early settlements established by Turkish communities on the far west Asian coast by focusing on two developed examples in Urla Peninsula. Conventional surveying and evaluation techniques of architectural restoration and civil engineering were utilized. Key findings include the understanding of the hierarchy of rural settlements in the studied landscape: old Çesme the most developed village of peninsula in the 16th century. It was positioned along a valley in distance to coast, but in control of harbor that played significant role in commerce between Europe and Asia. Its mosque and tomb, dated to late 14th – early 15th centuries, used to crown it. Cylindrical minaret tower of mosque, domed tomb tower on a cubical base and squinch in the transition zone of mosque are evidences for Central Asian roots. Usage of local lime stone, re-usage of andesite blocks, framing of the stone blocks with bricks, and pendentive in tomb refer to Roman-Byzantine constructions. The study presents the development of Turkish art and construction on the far west Asian coast in the 14th‒15th centuries. Findings will be a guide for related conservation management in similar contexts. © 2024 The Author(s)
An Analysis of Visitors’ Perceptions of Shopping Malls †
(MDPI, 2023) Çavka, Hasan Burak; Çavka, Hasan Burak; 02.02. Department of Architecture; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Shopping malls have been a significant part of our daily lives for decades. Their significance is derived from the use of these spaces based on great numbers of people, as well as the role malls play in culture. On the other hand, the design of malls has been constantly evolving according to the needs of users and the market. This study is based on survey data that we collected from ninety visitors of a shopping mall located in Izmir, Turkiye. Through the survey, we collected data on topics such as the participants’ visit frequency and reasons for visiting the mall, architectural and spatial features they favor and/or dislike, their opinions on where they perceive malls in everyday life, and their opinions on alternative spaces to malls. The data collection was finalized right before the pandemic, which significantly changed the way we think about public spaces, as well as malls, in relation to architecture. Analyzing collected data provides further insight into surveyed customers’ perception of spaces, the design of shopping malls, the use of the space, the preferred design features, as well as design features that drive customers away from the mall. The analysis was later compared and linked to studies in the literature. These research findings have the potential to be used in studies that evaluate mall design and space use, as well as in studies that compare the post-pandemic perception of spaces and the use of shopping malls. © 2023 by the author.
Estimation of Heat Production Rate Using Thermal Data During Exercise in Indoor Environments: a Study of Heat Storage Rate in Male Athletes
(Springer, 2024) Avcı, Ali Berkay; Başaran, Tahsin; Çolakoğlu, Muzaffer; Başaran, Tahsin; 02.02. Department of Architecture; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
The increasing preference for indoor exercise spaces highlights the relationship between indoor thermal environments and physiological responses, particularly concerning thermal comfort during physical activity. Determining the metabolic heat production rate during exercise is essential for optimizing the thermal comfort, well-being, and performance of individuals engaged in physical activities. This value can be determined during the activity using several methods, including direct calorimetry measurement, indirect calorimetry that uses analysis of respiratory gases, or approximations using collected data such as speed, body mass, and heart rate. The study aimed to calculate the metabolic heat production rate by infrared thermal evaluation (ITE) based on the body's thermal balance approach and compare it with the values determined by indirect calorimetry (IC). Fourteen participants volunteered for the study, using a cycling ergometer in a controlled climatic chamber. After the familiarization sessions, maximal O2 intake levels (VO2max) were determined through maximal graded exercise tests. Subsequently, constant work rate exercise tests were performed at 60% of VO2max for 20 min. The metabolic heat production rates were calculated by IC and ITE for each athlete individually. Respiratory gases were used to determine IC, while body skin and core temperatures, along with physical environmental data, were applied to calculate ITE using the human body thermal balance approximation of ASHRAE. According to the results, heat storage rates were misleading among the body's heat transfer modes, particularly during the first 8 min of the exercise. ITE showed a moderate level of correlation with IC (r: 0.03-0.86) with a higher level of dispersion relative to the mean (CV%: 12-84%). Therefore, a new equation (ITEnew) for the heat storage rates was proposed using the experimental data from this study. The results showed that ITEnew provided more precise estimations for the entire exercise period (p > 0.05). Correlations between ITEnew and IC values were consistently strong throughout the exercise period (r: 0.62-0.85). It can be suggested that ITEnew values can predict IC during the constant work rate steady-state exercise.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 1
The Asymmetries of Displacement: The Spatial Aspects of the Greek-Turkish Population Exchange
(Brill, 2023) Cankara, Melis
The Greek-Turkish population exchange convention of 1923 had major effects on both countries in terms of politics, economy, society, and space. Some of the negative impacts were minimized over time. However, there are some long-term impacts, for instance on space, that are still observable in the cities we live in, even though a full century has passed since the exchange. This article focuses on both the local and broader spatial consequences of the population exchange from a comparative perspective.
Accessibility in Intensive Care Units: a Qualitative Study on Exploring Architects’ Perspective
(İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, 2023) Khoojıne, Negar Sioofy; Kasalı, Altuğ; Kasalı, Altuğ; Bayar, Mualla Erkılıç; 02.02. Department of Architecture; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Thisstudyaddresseshealthcaredesigners’perspectivesconcerningthearchitectural features within the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) environments that can impact visual and physical access to patients. In line with patient-centered approaches, providing accessible environments in ICUs is becoming increasingly critical for healthcare providers. The existing literature suggests various architectural features to influence levels of access to patients. How architects prioritize these features and translate them into the configuration of ICU environments has not been explored extensively. A series of semi-structured interviews were conducted to understand the perspectives of healthcare architects in the context of Turkey. The interviews were conducted with twelve participants with recent experiences in ICU design. The research followed a thematic analysis to link the qualitative data with the participants’ drawings that emerged during interviews. Five essential themes emerged, including: “Unit Model,” “Unit Layout,” “Unit Size,” “Bed Position,” and “Transparent Material.” The participants implied configurational models, including “open ward” and “single-patient room,” to facilitate high levels of accessibility. Beyond the key decisions concerning layouts, the participants also emphasized the strategic use of transparent materials, which was considered critical in establishing visual access within units. The findings suggest that healthcare architects mostly favor open wards as a suitable model to provide high levels of physical access by decreasing nurses’ walking distances during shifts and visual accessibility by enhancing nurses’ capacity to supervise the patients within ICU environments. The findings can advance our understanding of how the issue of access is formulated and implemented in ICU settings.
Citation - WoS: 12
Citation - Scopus: 13
Optimizing Thermal Comfort in Physical Exercise Spaces: a Study of Spatial and Thermal Factors
(Elsevier, 2024-01) Başaran, Tahsin; Avcı, Ali Berkay; Başaran, Tahsin; 02.02. Department of Architecture; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Fitness centers have become famous for maintaining a healthy lifestyle. They require different thermal comfort conditions and higher fresh air supply rates than other indoor spaces. However, even well-designed centers may cause discomfort due to factors such as design decisions, ventilation, overheating, and overcrowding. The standards for fitness centers do not consider these specific requirements sufficiently, so this study focuses on understanding the thermal comfort requirements during physical exercise and evaluating spatial and thermal factors affecting the thermal environment around the body. The study investigated the ceiling height, lateral and frontal distances between machines, and vent locations as spatial factors and inlet temperature and air velocity as thermal factors. A thirty-minute moderate-intensity constant work rate exercise test was conducted in a controlled climatic chamber using a cycle ergometer with six healthy male participants. The experiment conditions were simulated in CFD software using the collected data. Once a validated simulation model was provided, computational models for different environmental and spatial scenarios for the five-person cycling class were generated. Using Taguchi L9 (34) orthogonal arrays method, nine spatial scenarios were simulated with three different thermal operations each. Optimal factor levels were determined by using thermal comfort conditions (based on predicted mean vote) around the body's thermal plume. The results showed that a ceiling height of 5 m, lateral and frontal distances of 1 m and 0.5 m between machines, and Type 2 (two inlets mounted on the ceiling) ventilation strategy were optimal for achieving better thermal comfort values in a thermal condition of 18 °C and 0.2 m·s−1. The study found that increasing the ceiling height and using cross-positioned vents that project air vertically from the ceiling improved the comfort conditions significantly. It is expected that these criteria, which were determined, compared with the standards and detailed, will contribute to the production processes of comfortable exercise spaces.
1960s Tax Law and Non-Muslim Exodus From Istanbul: Turkification of the City
(Taylor & Francis, 2023) Akpınar, İpek; Akpınar, İpek; 02.02. Department of Architecture; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
This chapter discusses the urban consequences of the expulsion of Istanbul Greeks in 1964. It demonstrates the urban impact of the 16 March 1964 decree that terminated the residence of 12, 000 Greek passport holders in Istanbul (a population of 40, 000 with their relatives), who were given 24 hours to leave the city and allowed to carry only 20 kilograms of belongings or US$22 with them. The event also alarmed many other non-Muslim families to emigrate from Istanbul, while the city was receiving a large influx of immigrants from rural lands due to the growing industrialization and urbanization. Akpinar discusses the urban planning interventions in Istanbul under the Menderes and subsequent governments throughout the 1950s and 1960s as ad-hoc or intentional steps toward Turkification, in which discrimination and the resulting emigration of Istanbul Greeks played a significant part. © 2024 selection and editorial matter, Esra Akcan and Iftikhar Dadi; individual chapters, the contributors.
Citation - Scopus: 1
Decoding and Predicting the Attributes of Urban Public Spaces With Soft Computing Models and Space Syntax Approaches
(Education and research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe, 2023) Yönder, Veli Mustafa; Çavka, Hasan Burak; Doğan, Fehmi; Tayfur, Gökmen; Çavka, Hasan Burak; Doğan, Fehmi; Tayfur, Gökmen; Yönder, Veli Mustafa; Dülgeroğlu, Özüm; 02.02. Department of Architecture; 03.03. Department of Civil Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology; 02. Faculty of Architecture
People spend a considerable amount of time in public spaces for a variety of reasons, albeit at various times of the day and during season. Therefore, it is of utmost importance for both urban designers and local authorities to try to gain an understanding of the architectural qualities of these spaces. Within the scope of this study, squares and green parks in Izmir, the third largest city in Turkey, were analyzed in terms of their dimensions, landscape characteristics, the quality of their semi-open spaces, their landmarks, accessibility, and overall aesthetic quality. Using linear predictor, general regression neural networks, multilayer feed-forward neural networks (2-3-4-5-6 nodes), and genetic algorithms, soft computing models were trained in accordance with the results of the conducted analyses. Meanwhile, using space syntax methodologies, a visibility graph analysis and axial map analysis were conducted. The training results (i.e., root mean square error, mean absolute error, bad prediction rates for testing and training phases, and standard deviation of absolute error) were obtained in a comparative table based on training times and root mean square error values. According to the benchmarking table, the network that most accurately predicts the aesthetic score is the 2-node MLFNN, whereas the 6-node MLFN network is the least successful network. © 2023, Education and research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe. All rights reserved.
User Satisfactions on Visual Comfort and View Quality Based on Colours and Opacity of Glazing To Control Daylighting
(Znack Publishing House, 2023) Cogul, Ilgin; Kazanasmaz, Zehra Tuğçe; Duran, Hasan Engin; Duran, Hasan Engin; Kazanasmaz, Zehra Tugce; 02.02. Department of Architecture; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Windows are both components that open to the outside and gates that bring the outside elements inside as well. The visible view through windows affects users' perception of the indoor environment. Visual comfort is a key concern to create qualified interior spaces. Glazing type in naturally lit environments becomes very substantial for comfort. As glazing technologies develop, the options available for users have also increased. This study aims to find out how different glazing and view types impact user perception and satisfaction in the interior and to create design ideas for the spaces to be completed in the future. A room with various glazing transmittance (20 %, 50 %, and 90 %), colours (blue and yellow), and view types (street and landscape) are modelled virtually in Relux. A survey composed of these rendered scenes from these variations includes four questions. 40 people participated in the survey. Statistical analyses are made using Stata and EViews. Illuminance and luminance are calculated via Relux to discuss quantifiable values and subjective one together. According to the results, as transmittance increase, the rate of people finding the room pleasant and the quality of the view decrease, but a brighter environment shows up. When using tinted glazing, users mark the rooms as interesting, while pleasantness and view quality decrease. A landscape view instead of a street view in the rooms results is a more interesting, pleasant indoor environment, and higher view satisfaction.
Citation - Scopus: 2
Emerging Concept of Human Centric Lighting in Literature Review
(IEEE, 2023) Kazanasmaz, Zehra Tuğçe; Tayfur, Gökmen; Köse, Fatma Büşra; Kazanasmaz, Zehra Tuğçe; Tayfur, Gökmen; 02.02. Department of Architecture; 03.03. Department of Civil Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology; 02. Faculty of Architecture
Human centric lighting is an umbrella concept which covers human health and well-being in general. As the conventional lighting techniques are based on horizontal workplane illuminance, it drives from the vertical eye level illuminance and its spectral distribution triggering the non-visual effects on humans. That is named as melanopic illuminance consequently. Its metrics have taken their place in lighting design literature and applications, with emergence of related standards subsequently. This literature overview contributes about the understanding the meaning human centric lighting due to transition from visual to non-visual effects of light, and how they direct recent research through light's impacts on human performance, emotions health and well-being, and relations to energy saving even. The shift from the concept of human centric lighting to circadian lighting design is obvious in very current studies. © 2023 IEEE.
Citation - Scopus: 2
Literature Review on Smart Windows in Terms of Daylight Performance, Visual Comfort and Human Perception
(IEEE, 2023) Coğul, Ilgın; Kazanasmaz, Zehra Tuğçe; Kazanasmaz, Zehra Tuğçe; 02.02. Department of Architecture; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
The glazing properties of a place affect the lighting conditions and the quality of the indoor environment. These conditions influence occupants' visual comfort and perception. Thus, the design of the glazing component becomes more of an issue. With the emerging smart window technologies, the design options have expanded. These technologies have been investigated mainly in terms of energy performance. This paper presents a literature review of smart windows and their performance on visual comfort and human perception. Experimental studies that conducted measurements or surveys in this field are evaluated. The results of the study showed that with the growing technology of smart windows, it is possible to increase visual comfort and human satisfaction indoors. However, there are performance deficiencies that create particular problems for occupants. The aim of this paper is to collect the studies on smart glazing in terms of visual comfort and human perception and bring out the potential of smart window technologies for human-centric indoors. © 2023 IEEE.
Daylight Performance and Lighting Energy Savings of Amorphous and Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells in an Architecture Studio
(IEEE, 2023) Taşer, Aybüke; Kazanasmaz, Zehra Tuğçe; Kazanasmaz, Zehra Tuğçe; 02.02. Department of Architecture; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Semi-transparent photovoltaic (PV) glass increased its popularity due to its energy and environmental advantages, which can generate electricity on-site and utilize natural daylight. They use thin-film solar cells to allow daylight to enter space and generate electrical energy. Crystalline and amorphous silicon (a-Si) solar cells are the most prominent in literature and industry due to their high efficiency and sufficient transparency. This study aims to assess the daylight and lighting energy-saving potential of thin-film crystalline and a-Si photovoltaic glass in an architecture studio in Izmir, Turkey. The simulation engine applied two types of solar cells on existing windows to evaluate the advantage of such glass for daylight performance and lighting energy consumption. Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA), a climate-based annual daylight performance metric, evaluates the daylight performance of the studio. Research findings note that such solar cells enhance the visual comfort of occupants and the daylight performance of the studio. In addition, crystalline silicon solar cells can cover the studio's whole lighting loads in the summer and fall seasons and balance them up to 66% and 23% in the spring and winter seasons, respectively. These have higher transmittance and peak power, thus; resulting in higher energy and daylight performance. © 2023 IEEE.
Citation - Scopus: 6
Revealing the Climate-Responsive Strategies of Traditional Houses of Urla, İzmir
(Sustainable Building Research Center, 2023) Avcı, A.B.; Avcı, Ali Berkay; Beyhan, Ş.G.; 02.02. Department of Architecture; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Vernacular houses possess significant climate-responsive properties due to the accumulated information from the trial-and-error method. Therefore, the traditional houses of a region can guide new buildings in terms of adaptation to the climate. The study focuses on the climate-responsive properties of vernacular houses of Urla, İzmir. The study aims to reveal the specific strategies of the traditional houses of Urla in response to the hot and humid Aegean climate. Relating to this purpose, Postane Street, which is among the significant historic streets of the town, is selected as the case area to evaluate the vernacular houses of Urla. The research method is based on the climate-responsive strategies determined from the literature review in the first part. These criteria include “orientation to the sun and wind, the effect of direct sunlight and shading strategy, building envelope and form, interior space organization, integration of greenery, building materials, and roof strategy”. Climate Consultant and Design Builder Software were used to prepare the psychrometric graph and shading regime visualizations. The study showed that the climate-responsive strategies of the street’s vernacular houses are shaped to avoid excessive heat gain in the climate of Urla. The research results are expected to guide sustainable design applications in the same area. © International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology and Urban Development.
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 2
Monitoring Soil Degradation Processes for Ecological Compensation in the Izmir Institute of Technology Campus (turkey)
(Mdpi, 2022) Salata, Stefano; Couch, Virginia; Couch, Virginia Thompson; Salata, Stefano; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 02.02. Department of Architecture; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Monitoring changing environmental conditions for short-term periods is a key aspect of adaptive urban planning. Unfortunately, the official environmental datasets are often produced at too large time intervals, and sometimes the speed of urban transformation requires real-time monitoring data. In this work we employed ESRI ArcGIS (ver. 10.8.1) to process two normalized difference vegetation indices for the campus area of the Izmir Institute of Technology (Turkey). The area of this campus constitutes an optimal site for testing whether alterations to the soil due to excavation and new construction can be monitored in small areas of land. We downloaded two different Sentinel acquisitions from the Copernicus ONDA DIAS platform: one taken on 28 March 2021 and the second taken on 13 March 2022. We processed the images while elaborating the normalized difference vegetation index for both years and compared them. Results demonstrate that all major and minor soil degradations on the campus during the intervening year were detected and empirically quantified in terms of NDVI reduction (abrupt changes). These findings confirm that detailed seasonal environmental monitoring of every part of the world is now possible using semi-automatic procedures to process original Sentinel data and recommend site-specific ecological compensation measures.

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