Physics / Fizik

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/6

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Nötron Yıldızı İç Yapı Dinamiğinin Gözlemsel Olaylara Etkisi
(2021) Gügercinoğlu, Erbil; Akbal, Onur; Alpar, Mehmet Ali
Bu projede nötron yıldızı içyapı dinamiğinin çeşitli gözlemsel olaylara etkisini araştırdık. Sıklıkla sıçrama yapan pulsarların sahici frenleme indisini bulmak için bir yöntem geliştirdik ve bunu PSR J0537-6910 kaynağına uygulayarak n = 2.7(4) değerini elde ettik. Bazı pulsarların sıçramalarına vorteks sızma modeli çerçevesinde eğri uydurması gerçekleştirdik ve yıldız yapısına dair parametrelerin çıkarımlarını yaptık. Süperakışkan vorteks çizgileri ile manyetik akı tüpleri arasındaki mikroskobik takılma etkileşmesi cinsinden manyetik akının iç bölgeden uzaklaştırılma hızının kestirimini yaptık. Bu hızın dönme oranına düz, manyetik alanın kareköküne ise ters orantılı olduğunu bulduk. Manyetik alan bozunmasıyla süperakışkan kuplajı tesiri altında manyetarların dönme evrimini tarif eden denklemler elde edilmiştir. Lineer olmayan rejimde süperakışkanlık ve sıçrama temelli hiperkaosun uzun dönem pulsar yavaşlama davranışında gözlenen düzensizliklerin izahını verebileceği sonucuna ulaştık. Faz diyagramındaki çevrimlerin sayısı (N) ise, göz önüne alınan zaman aralığında pulsarın (N+1) sıçrama geçirdiğini bulduk.
A Quantitative Description of Barite Thermodynamics, Nucleation and Growth for Reactive Transport Modelling
(Elsevier, 2024) Dideriksen,K.; Ataman, Evren; Zhen-Wu,B.Y.; Dobberschütz,S.; Rodríguez-Blanco,J.D.; Raahauge,P.J.; Ataman, Evren; Stipp,S.L.S.; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
The regression of available thermodynamic data in the BaSO4–NaCl–H2O system yielded Pitzer ion interaction parameters that accurately describe the activities of aqueous species and mineral solubilities in this system. This thermodynamics description is compared with published Pitzer parameter sets, and combined with a model for the kinetics of barite nucleation and growth, based on classical nucleation theory. Both the thermodynamic and nucleation/growth models have been incorporated into the PHREEQC computer code to facilitate calculation of the extent and consequences of barite formation in natural and engineered systems. Results of geochemical modelling calculations agree adequately with the amount of barite scale thicknesses derived from calliper measurements from an oil well if the effective surface free energy of barite nuclei is assumed to be ∼50 mJ m−2. Better results, however, are achieved using a temperature dependent effective surface free energy. In contrast, calculations performed by ignoring the effects of barite nucleation lead to a substantial overestimation of the amount of scale formed in our modelled systems. The success of our mineral nucleation and growth model to describe scaling in our modelled system suggests this description of precipitation rates can be applied to many other mineral-aqueous fluid systems, in particular where supersaturation is slight and the solids forming have substantial surface free energy. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 1
Modeling Cosmological Perturbations of Thermal Inflation
(IOP Publishing, 2024) Bae, Jeong-Myeong; Zoe, Heeseung; Hong, Sungwook E.; Zoe, Heeseung; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
We consider a simple system consisting of matter, radiation and vacuum components to model the impact of thermal inflation on the evolution of primordial perturbations. The vacuum energy magnifies the primordial modes entering the horizon before its domination, making them potentially observable, and the resulting transfer function reflects the phase changes and energy contents. To determine the transfer function, we follow the curvature perturbation from well outside the horizon during radiation domination to well outside the horizon during vacuum domination and evaluate it on a constant radiation density hypersurface, as is appropriate for the case of thermal inflation. The shape of the transfer function is determined by the ratio of vacuum energy to radiation at matter-radiation equality, which we denote by upsilon , and has two characteristic scales, ka and kb , corresponding to the horizon sizes at matter radiation equality and the beginning of the inflation, respectively. If upsilon MUCH LESS-THAN1 , the Universe experiences radiation, matter and vacuum domination eras and the transfer function is flat for kMUCH LESS-THANkb , oscillates with amplitude 1/5 for kbMUCH LESS-THANkMUCH LESS-THANka and oscillates with amplitude 1 for k >> ka . For upsilon >> 1 , the matter domination era disappears, and the transfer function reduces to being flat for kMUCH LESS-THANkb and oscillating with amplitude 1 for k >> kb .
Citation - WoS: 9
Citation - Scopus: 8
Chlorinated Phosphorene for Energy Application
(Elsevier, 2024) Hassani, Nasim; Yağmurcukardeş, Mehmet; Yağmurcukardeş, Mehmet; Peeters, Francois M.; Neek-Amal, Mehdi; 04.04. Department of Photonics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
The influence of decoration with impurities and the composition dependent band gap in 2D materials has been the subject of debate for a long time. Here, by using Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, we systematically disclose physical properties of chlorinated phosphorene having the stoichiometry of PmCln. By analyzing the adsorption energy, charge density, migration energy barrier, structural, vibrational, and electronic properties of chlorinated phosphorene, we found that (I) the Cl-P bonds are strong with binding energy Eb =-1.61 eV, decreases with increasing n. (II) Cl atoms on phosphorene have anionic feature, (III) the migration path of Cl on phosphorene is anisotropic with an energy barrier of 0.38 eV, (IV) the phonon band dispersion reveal that chlorinated phosphorenes are stable when r <= 0.25 where r = m/n, (V) chlorinated phosphorenes is found to be a photonic crystal in the frequency range of 280 cm-1 to 325 cm-1, (VI) electronic band structure of chlorinated phosphorenes exhibits quasi-flat bands emerging around the Fermi level with widths in the range of 22 meV to 580 meV, and (VII) Cl adsorption causes a semiconducting to metallic/semi-metallic transition which makes it suitable for application as an electroactive material. To elucidate this application, we investigated the change in binding energy (Eb), specific capacity, and open-circuit voltage as a function of the density of adsorbed Cl. The theoretical storage capacity of the chlorinated phosphorene is found to be 168.19 mA h g-1with a large average voltage (similar to 2.08 V) which is ideal number as a cathode in chloride-ion batteries.
Influence of High Content of Sodium Doping in Bi(pb)2212 Superconductors
(Pleiades Publishing, 2023) Faiza, Bouaïcha; Özyüzer, Lütfi; Mosbah, Mohamed-Fayçal; Özyüzer, Lütfi; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Abstract: We study here, the effect of high content of sodium doping on structural and electrical properties of Bi(Pb)2212 superconductors. The X-ray analysis results showed that all the prepared samples mainly belong to the superconducting tetragonal phase Bi–(Pb)2212. SEM micrographs show that the grains are closely related and have a characteristic flat shape for the superconductor Bi (Pb) 2212. For the undoped sample, the grains are randomly distributed with an average size of 5 μm. For doped samples, the morphology changes with sodium concentration. Resistivity measurements show that all samples have a superconducting character. © 2023, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 2
Photonic Crystal Textiles for Heat Insulation
(American Institute of Physics, 2023) Çetin, Zebih; Tunçtürk, Yiğit; Tunçtürk, Yiğit; Sözüer, Hüseyin Sami; Sözüer, Hüseyin Sami; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science
In this work, we have studied transmission properties of a photonic crystal-like structure that can be woven into fabrics. An interesting possibility emerges when considering the potential energy savings through suppression of radiation. It is a well-established fact that every object at a finite temperature inherently emits electromagnetic waves. Within the specific context of the human body, radiation takes on a crucial role as a fundamental mechanism governing heat dissipation. Thus, exploring ways to manage or mitigate this radiation could offer innovative approaches to optimize energy consumption and enhance heat regulation. It is well known that a photonic crystal can block electromagnetic energy with a specific frequency that is falling into a photonic bandgap. By using the numerical method called a finite-difference time domain, we have shown that this property of a periodic structure can be used to make textiles to save energy that is used to heat a human body environment. Numerical calculations have shown that by using the proposed photonic crystal structure, 53 % of electromagnetic energy is reflected. Although we mainly focused on textiles, it is worth highlighting that the same fundamental principle can be extended to diverse fields; for example, this structure can be integrated with construction materials and effectively function as a radiation heat insulator. © 2023 Author(s).
Anisotropic Tunability of Vibrational Modes in Black Phosphorus Under Uniaxial Compressive/Tensile Strain
(Wiley, 2023) Li, Hao; Şahin, Hasan; Kutlu, Tayfun; Carrascoso, Felix; Şahin, Hasan; Munuera, Carmen; Castellanos Gomez, Andres; 04.04. Department of Photonics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Strain engineering is a powerful strategy for tuning the optical, electrical, vibrational properties of 2D nanomaterials. In this work, a four-point bending apparatus is constructed to apply both compressive and tensile strain on 2D anisotropic black phosphorus flake. Further polarized Raman spectroscopy is used to study the vibrational modes of black phosphorus flakes under uniaxial strain applied along various crystalline orientations. Here, a strong anisotropic blue/redshift of A1g, B2g, and A2g modes is found under compressive/tensile strain, respectively. Interestingly, mode A1g exhibits the maximum/minimum shift while mode B2g and mode A2g present the minimum/maximum shift when the strain is applied along armchair/zigzag direction. Density functional theory calculations are carried out to investigate the anisotropic strain response mechanism, finding that the strain-induced regulation of the PP bond angle, bond length, and especially interlayer interaction has a giant influence on the Raman shift. A four-point bending apparatus is constructed to study the effect of uniaxial strain on the vibrational property of anisotropic black phosphorus. Particularly, strong anisotropy on the Raman blueshift/redshift rate upon compressive/tensile strain can be observed, which results from the strain-induced regulation of the bond angle, bond length, and interlayer interactions according to density functional theory calculation analysis.image
Citation - WoS: 4
Citation - Scopus: 5
Differences and Similarities in Biophysical and Biological Characteristics Between U87 Mg Glioblastoma and Astrocyte Cells
(Springer, 2023) Özdil, Berrin; Güler, Günnur; Çalık Kocatürk, Duygu; Altunayar Ünsalan, Çisem; Açıkgöz, Eda; Oltulu, Fatih; Görgülü, Volkan; Uysal, Ayşegül; Öktem, Gülperi; Ünsalan, Ozan; Güler, Günnur; Aktuğ, Hüseyin; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Current cancer studies focus on molecular-targeting diagnostics and interactions with surroundings; however, there are still gaps in characterization based on topological differences and elemental composition. Glioblastoma (GBM cells; GBMCs) is an astrocytic aggressive brain tumor. At the molecular level, GBMCs and astrocytes may differ, and cell elemental/topological analysis is critical for identifying potential new cancer targets. Here, we used U87 MG cells for GBMCS. U87 MG cell lines, which are frequently used in glioblastoma research, are an important tool for studying the various features and underlying mechanisms of this aggressive brain tumor. For the first time, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) accompanied by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are used to report the topology and chemistry of cancer (U87 MG) and healthy (SVG p12) cells. In addition, F-actin staining and cytoskeleton-based gene expression analyses were performed. The degree of gene expression for genes related to the cytoskeleton was similar; however, the intensity of F-actin, anisotropy values, and invasion-related genes were different. Morphologically, GBMCs were longer and narrower while astrocytes were shorter and more disseminated based on AFM. Furthermore, the roughness values of these cells differed slightly between the two call types. In contrast to the rougher astrocyte surfaces in the lamellipodial area, SEM-EDS analysis showed that elongated GBMCs displayed filopodial protrusions. Our investigation provides considerable further insight into rapid cancer cell characterization in terms of a combinatorial spectroscopic and microscopic approach.
Citation - WoS: 6
Citation - Scopus: 7
High Voltage Response of Graphene/4h-sic Uv Photodetector With Low Level Detection
(Elsevier, 2023) Jehad, Ala K.; Çelebi, Cem; Ünverdi, Özhan; Çelebi, Cem; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
A self-powered graphene/silicon carbide (G/4H-SiC) ultraviolet photodetector of a p-i-n like-structure with high voltage response has been fabricated to detect and measure low intensity ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Bilayer graphene sheet grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method was transferred on the top of an epilayer structure of n-/n+ 4 H-SiC. In this structure, two Schottky contacts were formed: one at G/ n- 4H-SiC interface and the other at bulk-4 H-SiC/Cr/Au interface. The photodetector's characteristic measurements revealed low dark current of - 0.58 nA and spectral voltage responsivity of - 0.75 V/W at 300 nm wavelength. Under low level UV illumination of 300 nm wavelength, the photodetector exhibited a leakage current and a photogenerated response voltage of 1.1 nA and 10 mV, respectively. The time-dependent photovoltage measurements displayed a rapid photovoltage response with rise and decay times of -74 ns and - 580 ns, respectively. This novel device holds promise for applications requiring sensitive and self-powered UV detection.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 1
Hdac9/P300 Immunoexpression and Migration Analysis for Malignant Melanoma Stem Cell
(Elsevier, 2023) Özdil, Berrin; Güler, Günnur; Asker Abdikan, Cemile Sinem; Özdemir, Merve; Erişik, Derya; Yesin, Taha Kadir; Avcı, Çığır Biray; Kurkutçu, Yeşim; Güler, Günnur; Aktuğ, Hüseyin; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Melanoma is an aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis that worsens in the metastatic phase. Distruptions of epigenetic mechanisms is known to effect cancer stem cells (CSCs) activity. Malignant melanoma (MM) progression may be promoted by changes in the genetic structure of CSC. Thus, treatments that target epigenetic modifications could be a promising weapon, especially in melanoma. Here, we compared p300, HDAC9, and Factin proteins in melanoma CSCs (CD133+), non-CSCs (CD133-) and CHL-1 cell line, as well as cell migration and division rates. At 4 and 6 h, P300 protein levels in CHL-1 and CD133 + were remarkably similar, and the CD133- showed increases in expression levels as the incubation period lengthened. HDAC9 protein intensity decreased in CHL-1, increased in the CD133-, and remained relatively unchanged in the CD133+ as the incubation period lengthened. The mean value of F-actin expression level increased in all cell group with time, when the highest increase observed in CHL-1. In conclusion, our studies contribute to the management of metastatic diseases in the future and offer new insight into the molecular basis of the initiation and progression of MM.
A Metric for Gravitational Collapse Around a Schwarzschild Black Hole
(World Scientific Publishing, 2023) Erdem, Recai; Gültekin, Kemal; Demirkaya, Betül; Demirkaya, Betül; Gültekin, Kemal; Erdem, Recai; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology; 04. Faculty of Science
We consider the problem of gravitational collapse of a fluid under the effect of a small Schwarzschild black hole (e.g. a primordial one). We assume the fluid initially may be approximated by a uniform homogeneous dust. Starting from this configuration we obtain a class of metrics under some physically justified assumptions. We find that the metric we obtain includes the dust collapse as a subcase. After discussing some basic properties of the solution, we discuss the case of dust collapse in more detail. We find that the radial and tangential pressures outside the horizon may take positive or negative values depending on the values of the parameters.
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 3
Amperometric Detection of Nh3 by Aromatic Sam-Modified Graphene
(IEEE, 2023) Yağmurcukardeş, Nesli; Çelebi, Cem; Bayram, Abdullah; Aydın, Hasan; Can, Mustafa; Demiç, Şerafettin; Açıkbaş, Yaşar; Çelebi, Cem; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Ammonia (NH3) is a toxic substance resulting in various acute and chronic effects on individuals. NH3 detection, monitoring methods, and detection tools are desperately needed. In this work, we improved the NH3 sensing capabilities of grapheme (GP) films deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) by modifying aromatic self-assembled monolayer (SAM) molecules such as 5-[(3-methylphenyl) (phenyl) amino] isophthalic acid (MeIPA) and 5-(diphenyl)amino] isophthalic acid (PhIPA) on amperometric detection method. Morphological investigations of the films were carried out by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Surface potential was characterized with Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), and vibrational properties were characterized with Raman spectroscopy. MeIPA modification increased NH3 uptake by two times compared to unmodified GP. The results indicated that the SAM modification enhanced NH3 molecule adsorption and improved its periodic reversible and reproducible response using the amperometric detection system, indicating that SAM molecules might be a feasible probe for NH3. © 2001-2012 IEEE.
Citation - WoS: 30
Citation - Scopus: 31
Cvd Graphene/Sic Uv Photodetector With Enhanced Spectral Responsivity and Response Speed
(Elsevier, 2023) Jehad, Ala K.; Çelebi, Cem; Fidan, Mehmet; Ünverdi, Özhan; Çelebi, Cem; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
A self-powered, high-performance graphene/Silicon Carbide (G/4H-SiC) ultraviolet Schottky junction photodetector has been fabricated, and the effect of using monolayer and bilayer graphene on the device performance parameters was investigated. P-type graphene sheets were grown by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, while 4H-SiC material consists of an epilayer structure of n-/n+ on bulk n-SiC. Two photodetector devices have been studied, one with monolayer graphene (MLG) and the other with bilayer graphene (BLG). The proposed photodetector structure reveals the highest spectral responsivity known of a G/4H-SiC UV photodetector so far. Electronic and optoelectronic characterizations were done under an ultraviolet wavelength range from 240 to 350 nm. The results show two spectral responsivity maxima (Rmax) at 285 nm and 300 nm wavelengths. Exhibiting two maxima in spectral responsivity and detectivity is caused by the constructive and destructive interference effects of multiple reflections at the SiC epilayer's interfaces. The photodetector devices exhibit high spectral responsivity (R ? 0.09 AW?1), maximum detectivity (D* ? 2.9 × 1012 Jones), and minimum noise equivalent power (NEP ? 0.17 pWHz-1/2) in both devices. Using bilayer graphene instead of monolayer showed no significant change in both the photogenerated current and the spectral responsivity due to the higher absorption coefficient of bilayer graphene, however, it exhibited a significant improvement in the response speed. The response speed was found to increase by 50 % when bilayer graphene was used as a hole collecting electrode in the G/4H-SiC junction. This is because bilayer graphene creates a narrower depletion layer and higher electric field, which promotes efficient charge separation and recombination. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 4
Terahertz Wavefront Engineering Using a Hard-Coded Metasurface
(Springer, 2023-08) Noori, Aileen; Demirhan, Yasemin; Akyürek, Bora; Özyüzer, Lütfi; Demirhan, Yasemin; Aygün, Gülnur; Özyüzer, Lütfi; Güven, Kaan; Altan, Hakan; Aygün, Gülnur; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
During the past few years, coding metamaterials (MM) drew significant attention, where the far-field scattering/transmission pattern of the electromagnetic wave (particularly in the THz regime) can be encoded into a single or few-bit digitized phase-response of the metasurface, thereby enabling a full digital control. Single-bit MMs contain two types of unit cells where the phase becomes 0 and 1 (in units of ?), respectively. By arranging these unit cells into a 2D surface pattern, the THz wavefront can be shaped. In this work, a novel hard-coded metasurface was designed, fabricated, and experimentally investigated for multi-beam reflection of incident THz beam. The design employs stripe and checkerboard patterns of bilayer MM unit cells consisting of square gold patches with a polymer spacing layer from a gold backplane. Experimental and simulation results show that the incident wave in the 0.500–0.750 THz range can be reflected with > 95% efficiency in uniform amplitude and 1-bit coded phase. For the checkerboard metasurface pattern, the measured and analytically calculated reflection angle shows good agreement. The metasurface design is suitable for large-scale fabrication and can potentially be used as a template in the development of actively coded metasurfaces. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Citation - WoS: 20
Citation - Scopus: 23
Flexible Metal/Semiconductor Type Photodetectors Based on Manganese Doped Zno Nanorods
(Elsevier, 2023) Karagöz, Emine; Çelebi, Cem; Altaf, Çiğdem Tuç; Yaman, Ecenaz; Yıldırım, İpek Deniz; Erdem, Emre; Çelebi, Cem; Fidan, Mehmet; Sankir, Mehmet; Demirci Sankir, Nurdan; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
High-performance flexible photodetectors are one of the most interesting research areas due to their great possibilities for a variety of applications such as portable and wearable optoelectronics. This study verifies the performance of flexible metal/semiconductor/metal-type photodetector based on pristine and manganese doped ZnO nanorods (ZnO-NRs) prepared in two different concentrations of zinc precursors and manganese dopant at low temperatures. The photodetectors having ZnO-NRs with high aspect ratios were investigated by various material characterization techniques such as electron paramagnetic resonance and photoluminescence spectroscopy to confirm the relationship between defect concentrations and photodetector performance parameters. It has been calculated that the detectivity (D*) and responsivity (R) of the ZnO nanorod-based photodetectors increased 20 and 18 folds, respectively by increasing the concentration of zinc precursor. Besides the D* and R values of the photodetectors, prepared by the 16.5 mM zinc precursor, increased 18 and 4.5-fold, respectively, after manganese doping. We confirmed that even a very low concentration of zinc precursor could produce a photodetector with high performance in photo-response characteristics, flexibility, and stability against 10,000 cycles of convex/concave bending.(c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Yüksek sıcaklık üstüniletkenlerindeki özgün Josephson eklemlerinin tünelleme karakteristiği
(TÜBİTAK - Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, 2004) Özyüzer, Lütfi; Kurter, Cihan; Eğilmez, Mehmet; Günel, Aylin; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Yüksek sıcaklık üstüniletkenlerinin, üstüniletkenlik mekanizmasının anlaşılması için çok büyük emek harcanmaktadır. Deneysel tekniklerde biri olan tünelleme spektroskopisi (üstüniletken-yalıtkan-normal metal (SIN) ve üstüniletken-yalıtkan-üstüniletken (SIS)), elektronların çiftlenme mekanizması hakkında önemli bilgiler verir. Yüksek sıcaklık üstüniletkenlerinin büyük anisotropisi ve aşırı kısa koherens uzunluğu sebebiyle hala tekrarlanabilir düzlemsel tünel eklemler üretilememiştir. Kristal yapılarının kompleks olmasına karşın, bütün yüksek sıcaklık üstüniletkenleri bazı katmanları Cu ve O dan oluşan kare örgülerden oluşur. Üstüniletkenlik bu CuO2 düzlemlerdeki kuvvetli etkileşen elektronlardan kaynaklanırken birim hücredeki diğer katmanlar pasif boşluk doldurucular veya yük depoları gibi davranır. Bu mükemmel katmanlı yapı kullanılarak, Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d tek kristalleri veya c-exseni boyunca büyütülmüş incefilmleri kullanılarak mesa yapılar üretilebilir ve bunlar özgün Josephson eklemleri olarak isimlendirilir. Bu çalışmada, fotolitografi ve Argon iyon demeti milling yöntemi ile 10x10 mıkrometre ve 20x20 mıkrometre boyutlarında Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d tek kristalleri üzewrine özgün Josephson eklemleri hazırlanmıştır. Elde edilen eklemlerin, geniş bir sıcaklık aralığında (4.2-300 K) akım-gerilim ve tünelleme iletkenliği ölçülmüştür. Bir SIN eklemin tünelleme iletkenliği durum yoğunluğu ile orantılı olduğundan, SISISI… eklemleri seriside de bu durum yoğunluklarının birleştirilmesinden oluşur. Özgün Josephson eklemlerinin tünelleme iletkenliğide sonuçta, incelenen üstüniletkenin durum yoğunluğunun spektral özelliklerini (örneğin keskin sankiparçacık (quasiparticle) pikleri ve “dip” ve “hump”) göstermesi gerekir. Bu özellikler optimum doping yapılmış Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d örnekler için incelenmiş ve yasak enerji aralığının ve Josephson akımının dopinge bağımlılığı bulunarak SIN ve SIS ile elde edilenlerle karşılaştırılmıştır. Özgün Josephson eklemleri ve SIS lerin karşılaştırılması sonucunda tamamen farklı karakteristiklere sahip oldukları görülmüştür. Bu özelliklerin özgün Josephson eklemlerinde ısınma ve sankiparcacık enjekte edilmesi ile açıklanmıştır
Üstüniletken MgB2 tellerin üretimi ve karakterizasyonu
(TÜBİTAK - Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, 2005) Okur, Salih; Özyüzer, Lütfi; Abukay, Doğan; Emirdağ, Mehtap; Tanoğlu, Metin; Eğilmez, Mehmet; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 03.10. Department of Mechanical Engineering; 04.01. Department of Chemistry; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
MgB2 alaşımının 39 K lik Tc kritik sıcaklığına sahip bir üstüniletken olduğunun 2001 de keşfedilmesi çok iyi üstüniletken olduğu bilinen NbTi ve NbsSn malzemelerinin yanısıra uygulamaya daha yakın yeni bir üstüniletken malzeme olma ümidini de artırmıştır. O günden bu güne MgB2 üstüniletken tellerin üretilmesi konusunda çok etkileyici bir aşama kaydedilmiştir. Daha yüksek kritik akım yoğunluğuna ulaşmak için gerekli parametrelerin araştırılması konusunda birkaç teknik geliştirilmiştir. Bunların arasında 'tüp içinde toz ' (TIT) adı verilen metot diğerlerine göre daha pratik ve ümit verici gözükmektedir. Bazı metal ve alaşımların TIT işleminde kılıf malzeme olarak kullanılmaya uygun bulunmuştur. Bunlardan demir ve alaşımları kısmen MgB2 özelliğini bozmadığı gibi manyetik ekranlama yaparak dış manyetik alanların kritik akım üzerindeki yan etkilerini azaltarak daha yüksek değerlere ulaşılmıştır. TIT yöntemi ile MgB2 üretimi sırasında iki farklı teknik vardır. Birisinde reaktif MgB2 tozlar kulanılırken diğerinde belli kimyasal oranlarda karıştırılmış reaktif olmayan Mg+2B tozları kullanılmaktadır. Daha sonra bu tozlar reaksiyon yapmayan bir tüp veya kapsül içine kapatılıp 900 ile 1000 °C civarında belirli bir süre tavlanmaktadır. Bu yöntem ile Demir kılıflı MgB2 üstüniletken tellerinden 15 K de 10 A/cm civarında bir Jc kritik akım yoğunluğuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu projede ilk adım olarak borik asitten M&B2 elde edilmiş ve elde edilen MgB2 in yapısını XRD ve SEM EDX mikroskopu ile karakterize edilmiştir. Uygun bir saflığa sahip MgB2 e ulaşıldığında elektriksel ve manyetik özellikleri pellet haline getirilip incelenmiştir, ikinci adımda ise üretilen MgB2 tozlarından üstüniletken MgB2 tel ve teyplerin TIT yöntemi ile üretilmiştir ve Cu, Fe, ve paslanmaz çelik gibi MgB2 ile etkileşmeyen malzemeler kılıf olarak kullanılanarak üretilmeye çalışılmış ve bu üstüniletken MgB2 tellerin özdirenç ve manyetik alana bağlı olarak kritik akım (Jc) karakteristiğinin sıcaklığa bağımlılığı incelenmiştir.
Büyük hadron çarpıştırıcısında kara madde parçacığının aranması
(TÜBİTAK - Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, 2007) Demir, Durmuş Ali; Cankoçak, Kerem; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Çeşitli astrofizik ve kozmolojik gözlemler evreni oluşturan toplam madde miktarının yaklaşık ¼ ünün kara madde tabir edilen ışık saçmayan, ağır ve uzun ömürlü parçaçıklardan oluştuğunu göstermektedir. Ancak parçacık fiziğinin deneylerle mükemmel uyum gösteren standart modeli böyle bir yapıyı öngörmemekte, böyle bir yapıya yol açabilecek herhangi bir parçaçığa da sahip bulunmamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, bu tür bir yapıyı oluşturabilmek için ve diğer bir takım kavramsal sebeplerden dolayı, standart modelin genişletilmesi gerekmektedir. Yaygın olarak bilinen iki genişletme, ek uzayzaman boyutları ve süpersimetrik modeller, bu proje çalışmasının ana konularıdir. Her iki alanda da çeşitli çalışmalar yapılmış, kara madde adayının özellikleri belirlenmiş, yeni modeller oluşturulmuş ve kara madde parçaciğinin yaklaşmakta olan Büyük Hadron Çarpıştırıcısı deneylerinde gözlemlenme koşulları analiz edilmiştir.
Squid magnetometre ile tahribatsız malzeme ve taramalı görüntü sistemi geliştirilmesi
(TÜBİTAK - Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, 2007) Abukay, Doğan; Avcı, İlbeyi; Tepe, Mustafa; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
[No Abstract Available]
Terahertz ışıyan mesalarda C-ekseni Josephson akım yoğunluğunun yüzey alan ve oksijen doping bağımlılığı
(TÜBİTAK - Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, 2013) Özyüzer, Lütfi; Selamet, Yusuf; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Terahertz dalgaları, yolcuların havaalanında taranması, patlayıcı ve ilaç tayini, güvenli kablosuz iletişim ve tıpta kanser tanısı gibi bir çok alanda önemli uygulama alanina sahiptir. Yakın zaman önce Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d (Bi2212) tek kristallerinden yapılan mesaların, küçük boyutlu bir kaynak olarak yüksek güçte terahertz ışıması yapabildiği kanıtlanmıştır. Katmanlı yüksek sıcaklık süperiletkeni Bi2212, özgün Josephson eklemleri olarak adlandırılan Josephson eklemlerinin doğal yığınlarına sahiptir. Terahertz ışıması, elektromagnetik spektrumun mikrodalgalar ile uzak-IR arasında yer alan bölümüdür. Bu bölge 0.1-10 THz frekans aralığına ve 3 mm den 0,03 mm ye dalga boyu aralığına sahiptir. Bu çalışmada farklı alanlara sahip (300×50, 200×50, 100×50 μm2 ) mesa yapıları aynı kristal üzerinde oluşturulmuştur. İlk önce tavlanmış olan kristaller safir altaş üzerine yapıştırılmıştır ve ardından yontma işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Daha sonra 100 nm kalınlığında altın kaplanmıştır ve ardından e-demeti litrografisi tekniği ile Ar iyon demeti aşındırma yöntemleri kullanılarak üçlü mesa yapıları elde edilmiştir. Üretilen mesaların alanları çok küçük olduğundan dolayı elektriksel ölçüm almak için oluşturulacak kontakları kolaylaştırmak amacıyla CaF2 yalıtkan tabaksı kaplanmıştır. En son olarak da gümüş epoksi kullanılarak kontaklar alınmıştır. Mesa üretimi tamamlandıktan sonra SEM ve yüzey profilometrisi kullanılarak üretilen mesaların tam boyutları tayin edilmiştir. Elektriksel karakterizasyon için R-T, I-V ölçümleri alınmıştır. I-V karakteristiklerine bakılarak bir mesa için kritik akım değerleri tayin edilerek, Josephson kritik akım yoğunlukları hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda Josephson kritik akım yoğunluğunun mesa alanının artmasıyla azaldığı gözlenmiştir. Dahası, yüksek boyutlu mesalarda ısınma etkilerinin baskın olmasından dolayı, akım gerilim grafiklerinde geri bükülme değerleri daha düşük voltajlarda gözlenmiştir.

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