Physics / Fizik

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/6

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1/Nc Expansion and Anomaly Cancellation in the Presence of Electroweak Interactions
(IOP Publishing Ltd., 1998-03) Erdem, Recai; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
We study the question of a consistent formulation of the 1/Nc expansion in the presence of electroweak interactions. We show that in some cases the previous formulation leads to an unrealistic picture. We improve the scheme. We derive the corresponding hypercharge and electric charge values of fermions under the requirement that the standard model in the large-Nc limit should be free of chiral gauge anomalies. We find that the resulting hypercharge and the electric charge values for quarks are the same as for the standard model.
Citation - WoS: 37
Citation - Scopus: 36
Absolute Properties of the Binary System Bb Pegasi
(IOP Publishing, 2007-08) Kalomeni, Belinda; Yakut, Kadri; Keskin, Varol; Değirmenci, Ömer Lütfi; Ulaş, Burak; Köse, Oğuzhan; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
We present ground-based photometry of the low-temperature contact binary BB Peg. We collected all the times of mid-eclipse available in the literature and combined them with those obtained in this study. Analyses of the data indicate a period increase of (3.0 ± 0.1) × 10-8 days yr -1. This period increase of BB Peg can be interpreted in terms of the mass transfer 2.4 × 10-8 M⊙ yr-1 from the less massive to the more massive component. The physical parameters have been determined as Mc = 1.42M⊙, Mh = 0.53 M⊙, Rc = 1.29 R⊙, Rh, = 0.83 R⊙, Lc = 1.86 L⊙, and L h = 0.94 L⊙ through simultaneous solutions of light and of the radial velocity curves. The orbital parameters of the third body, which orbits the contact system in an eccentric orbit, were obtained from the period variation analysis. The system is compared to the similar binaries in the Hertzsprung-Russell and mass-radius diagrams.
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 3
Affine Dynamics With Torsion
(Springer Verlag, 2016-03-01) Gültekin, Kemal; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
In this study, we give a thorough analysis of a general affine gravity with torsion. After a brief exposition of the affine gravities considered by Eddington and Schrödinger, we construct and analyze different affine gravities based on the determinants of the Ricci tensor, the torsion tensor, the Riemann tensor, and their combinations. In each case we reduce equations of motion to their simplest forms and give a detailed analysis of their solutions. Our analyses lead to the construction of the affine connection in terms of the curvature and torsion tensors. Our solutions of the dynamical equations show that the curvature tensors at different points are correlated via non-local, exponential rescaling factors determined by the torsion tensor.
Citation - WoS: 45
Citation - Scopus: 40
Affine Inflation
(American Physical Society, 2017-06) Azri, Hemza; Demir, Durmuş Ali; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Affine gravity, a gravity theory based on affine connection with no notion of metric, supports scalar field dynamics only if scalar fields have nonvanishing potential. The nonvanishing vacuum energy ensures that the cosmological constant is nonvanishing. It also ensures that the energy-momentum tensor of vacuum gives the dynamically generated metric tensor. We construct this affine setup and study primordial inflation in it. We study inflationary dynamics in affine gravity and general relativity, comparatively. We show that nonminimally coupled inflaton dynamics can be transformed into minimally coupled ones with a modified potential. We also show that there is one unique frame in affine gravity, as opposed to the Einstein and Jordan frames in general relativity. Future observations with higher accuracy may be able to test affine gravity.
Citation - WoS: 14
Citation - Scopus: 14
Ag and Au Atoms Intercalated in Bilayer Heterostructures of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides and Graphene
(American Institute of Physics, 2014) İyikanat, Fadıl; Şahin, Hasan; Senger, Ramazan Tuğrul; Peeters, François M.; 04.04. Department of Photonics; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
The diffusive motion of metal nanoparticles Au and Ag on monolayer and between bilayer heterostructures of transition metal dichalcogenides and graphene are investigated in the framework of density functional theory. We found that the minimum energy barriers for diffusion and the possibility of cluster formation depend strongly on both the type of nanoparticle and the type of monolayers and bilayers. Moreover, the tendency to form clusters of Ag and Au can be tuned by creating various bilayers. Tunability of the diffusion characteristics of adatoms in van der Waals heterostructures holds promise for controllable growth of nanostructures. (C) 2014 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 3
Amperometric Detection of Nh3 by Aromatic Sam-Modified Graphene
(IEEE, 2023) Yağmurcukardeş, Nesli; Bayram, Abdullah; Aydın, Hasan; Can, Mustafa; Demiç, Şerafettin; Açıkbaş, Yaşar; Çelebi, Cem; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Ammonia (NH3) is a toxic substance resulting in various acute and chronic effects on individuals. NH3 detection, monitoring methods, and detection tools are desperately needed. In this work, we improved the NH3 sensing capabilities of grapheme (GP) films deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) by modifying aromatic self-assembled monolayer (SAM) molecules such as 5-[(3-methylphenyl) (phenyl) amino] isophthalic acid (MeIPA) and 5-(diphenyl)amino] isophthalic acid (PhIPA) on amperometric detection method. Morphological investigations of the films were carried out by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Surface potential was characterized with Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), and vibrational properties were characterized with Raman spectroscopy. MeIPA modification increased NH3 uptake by two times compared to unmodified GP. The results indicated that the SAM modification enhanced NH3 molecule adsorption and improved its periodic reversible and reproducible response using the amperometric detection system, indicating that SAM molecules might be a feasible probe for NH3. © 2001-2012 IEEE.
Citation - WoS: 16
Citation - Scopus: 17
Analysis of Interface States of the Pentacene Organic Thin-Film Phototransistor by Conductance Technique
(Elsevier Ltd., 2009-02) Okur, Salih; Yakuphanoğlu, Fahrettin; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
A pentacene thin-film transistor with a channel width of 300 μm and a channel length of 30 μm has been successfully fabricated on n-Si substrate with thermally oxidized SiO2 as a gate insulator. The photovoltaic and interface state density properties of the transistor have been investigated. A pentacene film of 200 nm thickness was deposited on the SiO2 layer with a vacuum thermal evaporator. Atomic force microscopy images of the pentacene film on SiO2 insulating layer show a homogeneous film surface with the rms roughness of 11 nm. The transistor shows p-channel characteristics, as a result of positive carriers generated in the pentacene film for the negative bias voltages applied to the gate. The photosensitivity (Iph/Idark) is measured as 1.45 at an illumination intensity of 3500 lux at the off state. This suggests that the pentacene thin-film transistor shows a phototransistor characteristic. The field-effect mobility of the pentacene OTFT was found to be 0.021 cm2/(V s). The interface state density of the transistor was determined using conductance technique and was found to be about 1.191 × 1010 eV-1 cm-2.
Citation - WoS: 34
Citation - Scopus: 43
Analysis of the Cp Structure of the Yukawa Coupling Between the Higgs Boson and Tau Leptons in Proton-Proton Collisions at Root S=13 Tev
(Springer, 2022) Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W.; Andrejkovic, J. W.; Bergauer, T.; Chatterjee, S.; Dragicevic, M.; Del Valle, A. Escalante
The first measurement of the CP structure of the Yukawa coupling between the Higgs boson and tau leptons is presented. The measurement is based on data collected in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV by the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1). The analysis uses the angular correlation between the decay planes of tau leptons produced in Higgs boson decays. The effective mixing angle between CP-even and CP-odd tau Yukawa couplings is found to be -1 +/- 19 degrees, compared to an expected value of 0 +/- 21 degrees at the 68.3% confidence level. The data disfavour the pure CP-odd scenario at 3.0 standard deviations. The results are compatible with predictions for the standard model Higgs boson.
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 4
Analytical Approaches To the Delta-Eddington Model of the Radiative Transfer Through Vertically Inhomogeneous Optical Depths
(Elsevier Ltd., 2008-04) Subaşılar, Bedrettin; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Analytical approaches have been developed for one-dimensional monochromatic delta-Eddington radiative transfer equation through a vertically inhomogeneous medium. They are based on the solution of the Riccati equation that arises from the decoupling of the two-stream radiances, and seek to approximate the exponent functions in the solution as opposed to finding the solution as a whole. Depending on the case, Green-Liouville approximation or other techniques presented in this paper are utilized for finding these exponents. Though developed for atmospheric radiative transfer problems applicable to the global climate change modelling, and for non-invasive medical applications on tissue-light interactions, the techniques considered here are quiet general in nature. Hence, they can also be useful in other boundary value problems of the diffusion type that involve linear second order ordinary differential equations with variable coefficients.
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 2
Analytical Improvement on the Electromagnetic Scattering From Deformed Spherical Conducting Objects
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2021) Ateş, Barış; Kuştepeli, Alp; Çetin, Zebih; 03.05. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
In this paper, electromagnetic scattering from con-ducting deformed spheres is considered analytically by employing the perturbation method and utilizing Debye potentials. To be able to analyze a wide variety of scattering problems, azimuthal variation is indispensable and therefore the geometries of the scatterers considered in this study do not have rotational symmetry, hence they are dependent on the θ and φ angles in spherical coordinates. Analyses are carried up to the second order explicitly to obtain more accurate results and thus scattered fields are obtained with second order corrections. The coefficients used to determine the scattered field are expressed in terms of Clebsch-Gordan coefficients, which enables one to obtain the results for new geometries only by simple algebraic manipulations. Numerical results and their comparisons are also presented for various deformation functions and parameters. IEEE
Citation - WoS: 64
Citation - Scopus: 67
Angle Resolved Vibrational Properties of Anisotropic Transition Metal Trichalcogenide Nanosheets
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2017-03) Kong, Wilson; Bacaksız, Cihan; Chen, Bin; Wu, Kedi; Blei, Mark; Fan, Xi; Shen, Yuxia; Şahin, Hasan; Wright, David; Narang, Deepa S.; Tongay, Sefaattin; 04.04. Department of Photonics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Layered transition metal trichalcogenides (TMTCs) are a new class of anisotropic two-dimensional materials that exhibit quasi-1D behavior. This property stems from their unique highly anisotropic crystal structure where vastly different material properties can be attained from different crystal directions. Here, we employ density functional theory predictions, atomic force microscopy, and angle-resolved Raman spectroscopy to investigate their fundamental vibrational properties which differ significantly from other 2D systems and to establish a method in identifying anisotropy direction of different types of TMTCs. We find that the intensity of certain Raman peaks of TiS3, ZrS3, and HfS3 have strong polarization dependence in such a way that intensity is at its maximum when the polarization direction is parallel to the anisotropic b-axis. This allows us to readily identify the Raman peaks that are representative of the vibrations along the b-axis direction. Interestingly, similar angle resolved studies on the novel TiNbS3 TMTC alloy reveal that determination of anisotropy/crystalline direction is rather difficult possibly due to loss of anisotropy by randomization distribution of quasi-1D MX6 chains by the presence of defects which are commonly found in 2D alloys and also due to the complex Raman tensor of TMTC alloys. Overall, the experimental and theoretical results establish non-destructive methods used to identify the direction of anisotropy in TMTCs and reveal their vibrational characteristics which are necessary to gain insight into potential applications that utilize direction dependent thermal response, optical polarization, and linear dichroism.
Citation - WoS: 62
Citation - Scopus: 72
Angular Analysis and Branching Fraction Measurement of the Decay B-0 -> K*(0)mu(+)mu(-)
(Elsevier, 2013) Demir, Durmuş Ali; Karapınar, Güler; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology; 04. Faculty of Science
The angular distributions and the differential branching fraction of the decay B-0 -> K*(892)(0)mu(+)mu(-) are studied using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.2 fb(-1) collected with the CMS detector at the LHC in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV. From more than 400 signal decays, the forward-backward asymmetry of the muons, the K*(892)(0) longitudinal polarization fraction, and the differential branching fraction are determined as a function of the square of the dimuon invariant mass. The measurements are in good agreement with standard model predictions. (C) 2013 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 6
Citation - Scopus: 6
Anisotropic Etching of Cvd Grown Graphene for Ammonia Sensing
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022-03) Yağmurcukardeş, Nesli; Bayram, Abdullah; Aydın, Hasan; Yağmurcukardeş, Mehmet; Açıkbaş, Yaser; Peeters, François M.; Çelebi, Cem; 04.04. Department of Photonics; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Bare chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown graphene (GRP) was anisotropically etched with various etching parameters. The morphological and structural characterizations were carried out by optical microscopy and the vibrational properties substrates were obtained by Raman spectroscopy. The ammonia adsorption and desorption behavior of graphene-based sensors were recorded via quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements at room temperature. The etched samples for ambient NH3 exhibited nearly 35% improvement and showed high resistance to humidity molecules when compared to bare graphene. Besides exhibiting promising sensitivity to NH3 molecules, the etched graphene-based sensors were less affected by humidity. The experimental results were collaborated by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and it was shown that while water molecules fragmented into H and O, NH3 interacts weakly with EGPR2 sample which reveals the enhanced sensing ability of EGPR2. Apparently, it would be more suitable to use EGRP2 in sensing applications due to its sensitivity to NH3 molecules, its stability, and its resistance to H2O molecules in humid ambient.
Anisotropic Tunability of Vibrational Modes in Black Phosphorus Under Uniaxial Compressive/Tensile Strain
(Wiley, 2023) Li, Hao; Kutlu, Tayfun; Carrascoso, Felix; Şahin, Hasan; Munuera, Carmen; Castellanos Gomez, Andres; 04.04. Department of Photonics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Strain engineering is a powerful strategy for tuning the optical, electrical, vibrational properties of 2D nanomaterials. In this work, a four-point bending apparatus is constructed to apply both compressive and tensile strain on 2D anisotropic black phosphorus flake. Further polarized Raman spectroscopy is used to study the vibrational modes of black phosphorus flakes under uniaxial strain applied along various crystalline orientations. Here, a strong anisotropic blue/redshift of A1g, B2g, and A2g modes is found under compressive/tensile strain, respectively. Interestingly, mode A1g exhibits the maximum/minimum shift while mode B2g and mode A2g present the minimum/maximum shift when the strain is applied along armchair/zigzag direction. Density functional theory calculations are carried out to investigate the anisotropic strain response mechanism, finding that the strain-induced regulation of the PP bond angle, bond length, and especially interlayer interaction has a giant influence on the Raman shift. A four-point bending apparatus is constructed to study the effect of uniaxial strain on the vibrational property of anisotropic black phosphorus. Particularly, strong anisotropy on the Raman blueshift/redshift rate upon compressive/tensile strain can be observed, which results from the strain-induced regulation of the bond angle, bond length, and interlayer interactions according to density functional theory calculation analysis.image
Citation - WoS: 88
Citation - Scopus: 87
The Anticorrelated Nature of the Primary and Secondary Eclipse Timing Variations for the Kepler Contact Binaries
(IOP Publishing Ltd., 2013-09) Tran, K.; Levine, A.; Rappaport, S.; Borkovits, T.; Csizmadia, Sz.; Kalomeni, Belinda; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
We report a study of the eclipse timing variations in contact binary systems, using long-cadence lightcurves from the Kepler archive. As a first step, observed minus calculated (O-C) curves were produced for both the primary and secondary eclipses of some 2000 Kepler binaries. We find ∼390 short-period binaries with O-C curves that exhibit (1) random walk-like variations or quasi-periodicities, with typical amplitudes of ±200-300 s, and (2) anticorrelations between the primary and secondary eclipse timing variations. We present a detailed analysis and results for 32 of these binaries with orbital periods in the range of 0.35 ± 0.05 days. The anticorrelations observed in their O-C curves cannot be explained by a model involving mass transfer, which, among other things, requires implausibly high rates of ∼0.01 MȮ yr-1. We show that the anticorrelated behavior, the amplitude of the O-C delays, and the overall random walk-like behavior can be explained by the presence of a starspot that is continuously visible around the orbit and slowly changes its longitude on timescales of weeks to months. The quasi-periods of ∼50-200 days observed in the O-C curves suggest values for k, the coefficient of the latitude dependence of the stellar differential rotation, of ∼0.003-0.013.
Citation - WoS: 20
Citation - Scopus: 20
Area Dependence and Influence of Crystal Inhomogeneity on Superconducting Properties of Bi2212 Mesa Structures
(Elsevier Ltd., 2015-10) Demirhan, Yasemin; Sağlam, Hilal; Türkoğlu, Fulya; Alaboz, Hakan; Özyüzer, Lütfi; Miyakawa, Nobuaki; Kadowaki, K.; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
The rapid increase in applications of terahertz waves requires new techniques to obtain continuous wave terahertz sources. Mesa structures fabricated from high-Tc superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (Bi2212) single crystal have been observed as an intense, coherent, continuous electromagnetic wave source in the terahertz (THz) frequency region. However, in order to produce coherent radiation with high applicable power, we need large mesa structures that enter a collective electromagnetic state in which their oscillations are largely synchronized in phase. On the other hand, large mesa structures cause a heating problem. In this study, we report on the critical current density dependence of mesa area and the crystal inhomogeneity to understand heating problems in large area mesas for terahertz radiation. Since the doping dependence of Bi2212 is an important parameter, the as-grown Bi2212 crystals were heat-treated at various temperatures under vacuum conditions. We have fabricated triple mesa structures from Bi2212 single crystal using e-beam lithography and argon ion beam etching techniques with same area and with different area on the same chip. We investigated and compared characteristics of triple mesas which are on the same chip and next to each other. In this way, we searched the crystal inhomogeneity in triple mesa structures and studied the critical current density dependence of mesa area to obtain high emission power for the THz radiation. Our experimental results clearly show that the Josephson critical current density is decreasing when the area of mesa is increasing. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 7
Citation - Scopus: 7
Aspects of the Tunneling Dip Feature in Bi2sr2cacu2o8+? and Its Relation To the Resonance Spin Excitation
(Elsevier Ltd., 2002-12) Zasadzinski, John F.; Özyüzer, Lütfi; Miyakawa, Nobuaki; Gray, Kenneth E.; Hinks, David G.; Kendziora, Christopher A.; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Break-junction tunneling data are reported in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ over a wide range of hole concentration from underdoped to overdoped. The strong conductance peaks in the superconducting state reveal a single gap consistent with d-wave symmetry. In addition, sharp dips are observed at a voltage, Ω/□, measured with respect to the gap edge. These features are shown to be reproduced in other junction types from the literature including atomically resolved STM and □-axis mesas, establishing their intrinsic character. Trends are observed with doping and temperature which link the dip to the resonance spin excitation and indicate that the quasiparticles are strongly coupled to this mode.
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 2
Atomic-scale understanding of dichlorobenzene-assisted poly 3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl nanowire formation mechanism
(Elsevier Ltd., 2017-04) Yağmurcukardeş, Mehmet; Kıymaz, D.; Zafer, C.; Senger, Ramazan Tuğrul; Şahin, Hasan; 04.04. Department of Photonics; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Low-dimensional Poly 3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl (P3HT) structures that serve efficient exciton dissociation in organic solar cells, play a major role in increasing the charge collection, and hence, the efficiency of organic devices. In this study, we theoretically and experimentally investigate the Dichlorobenzene (DCB)-assisted formation of P3HT nanowires. Our experiments show that the solution of DCB molecules drive randomly oriented P3HT polymers to form well-stacked nanowires by stabilizing tail-tail and π−π interactions. Here the question is how DCB molecules migrate into the P3HT layers while forming the nanowire structure. Our density functional theory-based calculations reveal that the vertical migration of the DCB molecules between P3HT layers is forbidden due to a high energy barrier that stems from strong alkyl chain-DCB interaction. In contrast to vertical diffusion, lateral diffusion of DCB molecules in between P3HT layers is much more likely. Our results show that migration of a DCB molecule occurs through the alkyl groups with a low energy barrier. Therefore, laterally diffused DCB molecules assist nucleation of top-to-top stacking of P3HT polymers and formation of well-ordered nanowires.
Citation - WoS: 27
Citation - Scopus: 27
Basic Physical Properties of the Low-Temperature Contact Binary System V781 Tau and the Near-Contact Binary System V836 Cyg
(Oxford University Press, 2005-11) Yakut, Kadri; Ulaş, Burak; Kalomeni, Belinda; Gülmen, Ömür; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
We present a detailed photometric study of the low-temperature contact binary V781 Tau, and the near-contact binary V836 Cyg. We have combined the parameters obtained from the light-curve analysis with those found by the spectral studies and we have determined the orbital and physical parameters of the stars. We have collected the times of the mid-eclipses obtained so far and combined with the times obtained in this study. By analysing all these data we determined the mass transfer rate from the massive star to the less massive one for V781 Tau, and from the less massive component to the massive one in the case of V836 Cyg. Finally, we have compared the results obtained for V781 Tau and for V836 Cyg with similar systems.
Citation - WoS: 19
Citation - Scopus: 19
Biofilm Formation by Staphylococcus Epidermidis on Nitrogen Ion Implanted Cocrmo Alloy Material
(John Wiley and Sons Inc., 2007-06) Öztürk, Orhan; Sudağıdan, Mert; Türkan, Uğur; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Staphylococcus epidermidis is the primary cause of medical device-related infections due to its adhesion and biofilm forming abilities on biomaterial surfaces. For this reason development of new materials and surfaces to prevent bacterial adhesion is inevitable. In this study, the adhesion of biofilm forming S. epidermidis strain YT-169a on nitrogen (N) ion implanted as well as on as-polished CoCrMo alloy materials were investigated. A medical grade CoCrMo alloy was ion implanted with 60 keV N ions to a high dose of 1.9 × 10 18 ions/cm2 at substrate temperatures of 200 and 400°C. The near-surface implanted layer crystal structures, implanted layer thicknesses, and roughnesses were characterized by XRD, SEM and AFM. The number of adherent bacteria on the surfaces of N implanted specimens was found to be 191 × 106 CFU/cm2 for the 200°C and 70 × 106 CFU/cm2 for the 400°C specimens compared to the as-polished specimen (3 × 106 CFU/cm2). The adhesion test results showed that S. epidermidis strain YT-169a adhere much more efficiently to the N implanted surfaces than to the as-polished CoCrMo alloy surface. This was attributed mainly to the rougher surfaces associated with the N implanted specimens in comparison with the relatively smooth surface of the as-polished specimen.

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