Architecture / Mimarlık

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/24

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Citation - WoS: 11
Citation - Scopus: 11
Adapting Cities To Pluvial Flooding: the Case of Izmir (türkiye)
(MDPI, 2022-12) Salata, Stefano; Couch, Virginia Thompson; Velibeyoğlu, Koray; Baba, Alper; Saygın, Nicel; Uzelli, Taygun; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 03.03. Department of Civil Engineering; 02.02. Department of Architecture; 01.01. Units Affiliated to the Rectorate; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 02. Faculty of Architecture
In the coming decades, climate change will be one of the most significant challenges for urban areas. The quantity, duration and intensity of events, such as flash rains and heat waves, will increase the vulnerability of urban regions while exposing citizens to potentially dangerous conditions. According to the current literature, mainstreaming resilience in urban planning means designing rules that strengthen urban systems’ adaptive and self-regulating functions by reducing their vulnerability. In this work, we aimed to build knowledge for the application of the sponge district concept to Izmir (Türkiye), one of Europe’s most vulnerable areas to pluvial flooding. To do this, we first analyzed the runoff in each urban sub-watershed, then employed a composite index to determine potential areas of intervention for nature-based solutions. Results show that 10% of Izmir’s urban areas are extremely vulnerable to cloudbursts, which means that 40% of the urban population is exposed to this phenomenon. Moreover, the runoff calculation in the sub-watershed demonstrated that the potential flood volume is underestimated, especially in the upslope areas. The results can be used as a template to suggest a stepwise approach to mainstream the resilience of densely-inhabited coastal urban catchments.
Art and Construction Related Qualities of 14th‒15th Century Monuments in a Rural Landscape on the Western Coast of Türkiye
(KeAi Communications Co., 2024) Hamamcıoğlu Turan, Mine; Aktaş, Engin; Toköz, Özge Deniz; 02.02. Department of Architecture; 02.01. Department of Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage; 03.03. Department of Civil Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology; 02. Faculty of Architecture
This study aims to contribute to the understanding of the evolution of art and construction in the early settlements established by Turkish communities on the far west Asian coast by focusing on two developed examples in Urla Peninsula. Conventional surveying and evaluation techniques of architectural restoration and civil engineering were utilized. Key findings include the understanding of the hierarchy of rural settlements in the studied landscape: old Çesme the most developed village of peninsula in the 16th century. It was positioned along a valley in distance to coast, but in control of harbor that played significant role in commerce between Europe and Asia. Its mosque and tomb, dated to late 14th – early 15th centuries, used to crown it. Cylindrical minaret tower of mosque, domed tomb tower on a cubical base and squinch in the transition zone of mosque are evidences for Central Asian roots. Usage of local lime stone, re-usage of andesite blocks, framing of the stone blocks with bricks, and pendentive in tomb refer to Roman-Byzantine constructions. The study presents the development of Turkish art and construction on the far west Asian coast in the 14th‒15th centuries. Findings will be a guide for related conservation management in similar contexts. © 2024 The Author(s)
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 2
A Case Study on the Selection of Optimum Loop Units for the Deployable Arch Structures Exposed To Lateral and Non-Uniform Gravity Loads
(Elsevier, 2020) Yuceturk, K.; Aktas, E.; Maden, F.; Gur, S.; Mitropoulou, C. C.; 02.02. Department of Architecture; 03.03. Department of Civil Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology; 02. Faculty of Architecture
Radially deployable arches may be created by using various types of units. However, for any deployable structure to be constructed in real life, it should satisfy the structural regulations and codes. Despite various advantages from architectural perspective, deployable structures are weak to satisfy the operational code limits when compared to trusses with similar height and span. Therefore, weight minimization is very important to reduce the dead loads of the structure which facilitates the code-conformance of the structure. The optimization of the deployable structures requires an initial selection of the loop types to define the structure parametrically. An initial selection strategy depending on the loads on the structure is important to increase the efficiency of optimization process. Under uniform gravity loads, optimum arrangement for each unit type converges to a similar point. However, in the real world, the loads on the arches are not always uniform and the structure is exposed to nonuniform loadings such as point loads or lateral loads. This work focuses on the performance of various arches with different unit types under lateral and non-uniform vertical loads. Different lateral load and non-uniform gravity loading scenarios are created. For each scenario, the arches with different units are analyzed. In all cases, clear span and height are kept as same. The performance of an arch with a specific unit type for a given load is measured with a score that includes the deformations and the weight of the structure. All the members are assumed to be circular hollow sections with variable diameter and thickness to have a meaningful weight comparison between structures. This work intends to define an initial selection guide for deployable arches under typical non-uniform and lateral loading conditions. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 5
Classifications for Planimetric Efficiency of Nursing Unit Floors
(Middle East Technical University, 2012) Kazanasmaz, Zehra Tuğçe; Tayfur, Gökmen; 02.02. Department of Architecture; 03.03. Department of Civil Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology; 02. Faculty of Architecture
Bu çalışma, Türkiye’deki 15 Devlet Hastanesine ait ‘Hasta Bakım Üniteleri’ verilerini kullanarak, mimarlık alanında oldukça yeni olan Bulanık Mantık metodu ile verimlilik tahmini yapmakta; bu çerçevede bulanık mantık algoritması geliştirerek, Türkiye’de örnek olarak seçilen kamu hastanelerinin plan (planimetric) tasarım verimliliği için sınıflandırmalar geliştirmeye çalışmaktadır. Hasta bakım ve tedavi ünitelerinin kat planlarından hasta kullanım alanları ve dolaşım alanları elde edilerek bulanık mantık modeli alt kümeleri için üyelik fonksiyonları oluşturulmuştur. ‘Mamdanni’ kural sistemi, kuralların ağırlıklarını hesaplamada ‘min’ fonksiyonu, ve ‘max’ kompozisyonu ve ‘centroid’ metodu da bulanık işlemcisi için kullanılmıştır. Girdi değişkenleri olarak hasta kullanım alanları ve dolaşım alanları modellenmiştir. Girdi değişkenleri ile çıktı değişkeni olan tasarım verimliliği arasındaki ilişkiler bulanık mantık kuralları ile ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Varolan hasta bakım ünitelerini incelemek için, verimlilik çıktı değerleri modelden elde edilmiştir. Genel tasarım normları, tasarım ölçütleri ve önceki çalışmalar ışığında ve de bu model aracılığıyla verimlilik sınıfları oluşturulmuştur. Modelde test edilen 15 hastane kat planından altısının düşük verimli sınıf içinde, dokuzunun ise orta verimli sınıf içinde olduğu görülmüştür. Hiçbiri güncel standartlara ve gereksinimlere uygun değildir. Bu çalışmada elde edilen modelin faydası, verimlilik sınıflarının sınır değerlerini belirleme yeteneğinde olmasıdır. Hastanelerin karşılaştırılarak incelenmesi için oluşturulan verimlilik sınıflandırılması başarı ile sonuçlanmıştır. Hastane tasarımcıları ve yöneticileri, mevcut hastanelerin değerlendirmesini ve karşılaştırmaları yapabilmek için bu çalışmadan geribildirim yoluyla bilgi edinebilir. Sonuç olarak, ilgili binalar hakkında karar verme aşmasında(örneğin binanın iyileştirme ihtiyacının olup olmadığı, yeni mekanlara gerek duyulup duyulmadığı gibi) bu modelden faydalanabilirler.
Citation - Scopus: 1
Decoding and Predicting the Attributes of Urban Public Spaces With Soft Computing Models and Space Syntax Approaches
(Education and research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe, 2023) Yönder, Veli Mustafa; Doğan, Fehmi; Çavka, Hasan Burak; Tayfur, Gökmen; Dülgeroğlu, Özüm; 02.02. Department of Architecture; 03.03. Department of Civil Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology; 02. Faculty of Architecture
People spend a considerable amount of time in public spaces for a variety of reasons, albeit at various times of the day and during season. Therefore, it is of utmost importance for both urban designers and local authorities to try to gain an understanding of the architectural qualities of these spaces. Within the scope of this study, squares and green parks in Izmir, the third largest city in Turkey, were analyzed in terms of their dimensions, landscape characteristics, the quality of their semi-open spaces, their landmarks, accessibility, and overall aesthetic quality. Using linear predictor, general regression neural networks, multilayer feed-forward neural networks (2-3-4-5-6 nodes), and genetic algorithms, soft computing models were trained in accordance with the results of the conducted analyses. Meanwhile, using space syntax methodologies, a visibility graph analysis and axial map analysis were conducted. The training results (i.e., root mean square error, mean absolute error, bad prediction rates for testing and training phases, and standard deviation of absolute error) were obtained in a comparative table based on training times and root mean square error values. According to the benchmarking table, the network that most accurately predicts the aesthetic score is the 2-node MLFNN, whereas the 6-node MLFN network is the least successful network. © 2023, Education and research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe. All rights reserved.
Citation - Scopus: 2
Emerging Concept of Human Centric Lighting in Literature Review
(IEEE, 2023) Kazanasmaz, Zehra Tuğçe; Köse, Fatma Büşra; Tayfur, Gökmen; 02.02. Department of Architecture; 03.03. Department of Civil Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology; 02. Faculty of Architecture
Human centric lighting is an umbrella concept which covers human health and well-being in general. As the conventional lighting techniques are based on horizontal workplane illuminance, it drives from the vertical eye level illuminance and its spectral distribution triggering the non-visual effects on humans. That is named as melanopic illuminance consequently. Its metrics have taken their place in lighting design literature and applications, with emergence of related standards subsequently. This literature overview contributes about the understanding the meaning human centric lighting due to transition from visual to non-visual effects of light, and how they direct recent research through light's impacts on human performance, emotions health and well-being, and relations to energy saving even. The shift from the concept of human centric lighting to circadian lighting design is obvious in very current studies. © 2023 IEEE.
A Fuzzy Logic Model To Classify Design Efficiency of Nursing Unit Floors
(Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, 2010) Kazanasmaz, Tugce; Tayfur, Gokmen; 02.02. Department of Architecture; 03.03. Department of Civil Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology; 02. Faculty of Architecture
This study was conducted to determine classifications for the planimetric design efficiency of certain public hospitals by developing a fuzzy logic algorithm. Utilizing primary areas and circulation areas from nursing unit floor plans, the study employed triangular membership functions for the fuzzy subsets. The input variables of primary areas per bed and circulation areas per bed were fuzzified in this model. The relationship between input variables and output variable of design efficiency were displayed as a result of fuzzy rules. To test existing nursing unit floors, efficiency output values were obtained and efficiency classes were constructed by this model in accordance with general norms, guidelines and previous studies. The classification of efficiency resulted from the comparison of hospitals.
Citation - Scopus: 1
Lighting Quality and Work Performance Based on Glazing Types and Dynamic Led Lighting
(IEEE, 2022) Köse, Fatma Büşra; Tayfur, Gökmen; Duran, Hasan Engin; Kazanasmaz, Zehra Tuğçe; 02.02. Department of Architecture; 03.03. Department of Civil Engineering; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
The combination of daylight characteristics and LED lighting quantities determines offices' visual environment. Lighting conditions can influence office workers' health and work performance. This study is an experimental one containing lighting measurements in two offices, subjective performance tests, and questionnaires to find out how work performance, lighting preferences, and satisfaction with lighting quality modify in terms of various glass types and dynamic LED lighting quantities. Glass types have strong impacts on contrast tests on paper and luminance which are corresponding to work performance. Regarding lighting quality, it strongly relates to the homogeneity of light, the impression of artificial light and the perception of objects' textures and color, contrast balance between paper and the surrounding. When the glass was modified in offices, we observed that participants preferred to change the CCT setting of LED by remote control, and in relation to that the eye-level illuminance and SPDs showed significant changes. So, the findings depicted the importance of the choice of glass types concerning LED lighting settings in terms of the above variables.
Citation - Scopus: 11
A Novel Planar Scissor Structure Transforming Between Concave and Convex Configurations
(WITPress, 2017-06) Yar, Müjde; Korkmaz, Koray; Kiper, Gökhan; Maden, Feray; Akgün, Yenal; Aktaş, Engin; 02.02. Department of Architecture; 03.10. Department of Mechanical Engineering; 03.03. Department of Civil Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology; 02. Faculty of Architecture
In this paper, a novel two-dimensional scissor structure that transforms between concave and convex configurations is presented. The structure is designed by a method of assembling kite or anti-kite loops in the flat configuration. Angulated units are generated from the assembled loops. Finally, a new angulated scissor unit is introduced in order to design the novel scissor structure.
Scherengestänge als elemente adaptiver morphologien
(Birkhäuser, 2020) Akgün, Yenal; Maden, Feray; Gür, Şebnem; Kiper, Gökhan; Korkmaz, Koray; Aktaş, Engin; Yar Uncu, Müjde; 02.02. Department of Architecture; 03.10. Department of Mechanical Engineering; 03.03. Department of Civil Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology; 02. Faculty of Architecture
Zu allen Zeiten haben Menschen versucht, flexible Gebäude zu bauen, die sich ständig verändernden Anforderungen und Umweltbedingungen anpassen. Die Einbeziehung von Bewegung in die Architektur ist der Versuch, auf veränderliche Umstände mit neuen Lösungen zu reagieren. Das Konzept der Bewegung ist in der Tat nicht neu für die Architektur. Die Wurzeln gehen bis in die Antike zurück. Einfache, mit flexiblen Außenhäuten gebaute Nomadenzelte können als das erste Beispiel für adaptive Strukturen angesehen werden, die zum Schutz vor extremen Umweltbedingungen dienten.1 Die zum Abdecken des Daches im Colosseum von Rom verwendeten Leinwandbahnen sind ein weiteres Beispiel. Sie bildeten Markisen, die nicht nur Sonnenschutz boten, sondern für die Zuschauer durch ihr Durchhängen zur Mitte hin auch eine Brise einfingen.
Scissor Linkages in the Design of Adaptive Morphologies
(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2019) Akgün, Yenal; Maden, Feray; Gür, Şebnem; Kiper, Gökhan; Korkmaz, Koray; Aktaş, Engin; Yar Uncu, Müjde; 02.02. Department of Architecture; 03.10. Department of Mechanical Engineering; 03.03. Department of Civil Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology; 02. Faculty of Architecture
Scissor linkages are capable of forming various expandable structures. Architects can benefit from this type of linkage especially for designing adaptive, movable, transformable shell structures and deployable beam-like structures. Product designers may benefit as well. The two different methods described here convey the basic design approaches. The unit-based method is very effective for obtaining primary geometries like a dome, arch, circle or line, using serial multiplications and arrays of one of the scissor unit types presented here. The loop assembly method is more convenient when a final form, be it straight or free-form, is the main point of departure. In this case, unlike in the unit-based method, it is not necessary to opt for a specific scissor unit type and its dimensional constraints from the beginning. Designers can choose a type and number of loops and then define the scissor units following the loop sides. Since deployability is guaranteed by applying this method, the architect is free to choose the loop type most suitable for the functional needs and aesthetic concerns of the specific design. With the loop assembly method all loop alternatives can be assembled to scissor structures, their possible motions can be tested and evaluated in a short time, whereas the unit-based method is limited to a single type of motion that a specific unit can provide.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 2
Structural Comparison of Scissor-Hinge Linkages
(CRC Press, 2019) Maden, Feray; Akgün, Yenal; Yücetürk, Kutay; Aktaş, Engin; Yar Uncu, Müjde; Mitropoulou, C.; 03.03. Department of Civil Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Deployable structures can deploy from a compact to an expanded configuration by changing their sizes. The behaviors of these structures depend on some parameters such as geometric shape, member sizes and kinematic properties. To provide the deployment, not only the arrangements of structural members but also some restrictions must be considered. Moreover, contiguous members of the structures must let the large rotations to provide the transformation between different geometric forms from fully folded to fully deployed configurations. These requirements have an important impact on the fundamental properties of the structures related with structural performance, such as stiffness and strength. In this paper, stiffness of different scissor-hinge linkages are analyzed and compared. These linkages cover the same span with almost the same geometry and have the unit elements with same size and same weight. However, the geometry of unit elements is different from each other. The paper investigates the effect of this difference on the stiffness of whole system. © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

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