Environmental Engineering / Çevre Mühendisliği

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3d Modeling of a Historical Mine Waste Site Using Uav Images: Estimation of Stockpile Volumes
(Springer, 2023) Önal, Okan; Gündüz, Orhan; 03.07. Department of Environmental Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
In recent decades, the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) for land surveying became very popular because of their simplicity and low cost. Aerial images of the site can be used for the reconstruction of the site’s 3D digital model. Once proper calibrations are made, these digital models can be used for several purposes including stockpile volume estimation, stability analyses, forensic engineering and archiving, etc. In this study, the 3D model of an abandoned historical mine waste disposal site located in Balıkesir-Turkey was reconstructed for the estimation of the waste stockpile volumes. The historical mine site is a facility that was abandoned more than 80 years ago. Mine wastes of different quality were disposed of in and around the site along the hydrologically intermittent creek that passes through the site. No engineered precautions were taken at the site to reduce the environmental impacts and all waste piles were exposed to the natural eroding effect of precipitation and wind. The total amount of the waste volume is not known accurately, which prevents researchers to quantify the potential impacts associated with different waste stockpiles. Thus, a 3D digital model of the site was created by using UAV data obtained from a quadcopter and later processed to obtain a digital topography of the site with an improved accuracy value of ± 2 cm. The stockpiles were later analyzed with geographic information systems to characterize the magnitude of mine wastes and to propose alternative engineering solutions for environmental mitigation. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2023.
Afet sonrası atıkların yönetimi hakkında değerlendirme
(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2023) Küçüker, Mehmet Ali; Kaplangı, Berat Batuhan; 03.07. Department of Environmental Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Ülkemizde 6 Şubat 2023 tarihinde Kahramanmaraş’ın Pazarcık ve Elbistan ilçelerinde sırasıyla 7,7 ve 7,6 büyüklüklerinde depremler meydana gelmiştir. Bu depremleri peşi sıra binlerce artçı deprem gerçekleşmiştir [1]. Gerçekleşen afetin ülkemizde ve milletimizde derin yaralar açtığı acı bir gerçektir. Tüm bunların yanında, bu tip afetlerin maalesef çevre üzerinde de çok ciddi boyutlarda etkileri olmaktadır. Çevresel açıdan değerlendirilmesi gereken en önemli konularında birisi de deprem sonrasında oluşan atıkların yönetimidir. Bu çalışmada, afet sonrasında oluşan atıkların yönetiminin önemine dikkat çekilecektir.
Arsenic Removal by Electrocoagulation
(Wiley, 2022) Gören, Ayşegül Yağmur; Kobya, Mehmet; 03.07. Department of Environmental Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Because of the toxic impacts on human health, the arsenic (As) limit value in drinking water was decreased from 50 to 10 ?g l-1 by the relevant authorities (WHO 1993; US EPA 2001). In this case, the problem of As pollution in natural water resources used for drinking water has grown even more and turned into a global crisis. According to reports in many parts of the world, over about 230 million people appear to be affected by high arsenic concentrations in groundwater. In this case, it turned out that there was a great need for cost-effective and environmentally friendly technologies from drinking water sources. One of the emerging water treatment technologies in recent years is electrocoagulation (EC) and it has been seen that it is effective in treating As (>99%) from water and eliminates some of the disadvantages of other conventional treatment processes. EC method includes electro-oxidation of anode electrode materials (iron and aluminum) and in situ production of coagulant agents. From groundwater resources with As content of 5-1000 ?g l-1, As removal efficiencies and operating costs (OCS) of EC technology using iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) anodes were 85.0-99.9% and 0.0020-1.04 US$ m-3, respectively. Different types (plate, scrap, rod, and ball) of electrodes were used for As removal with the EC process, and it was observed that Fe electrodes or Fe-Al hybrid electrodes performed better in As removal. In addition, it has been determined that arsenate (As(V)) removal is more effective than arsenite (As(III)). A significant quantity of As(III) is oxidized in the EC process, resulting in precipitation, adsorption, and metal-oxy hydroxylic complex reactions. EC process has a lower OC to achieve As removal below the permissible WHO value compared to conventional treatment processes, accomplishing it as a further applicable option for As removal. © 2023 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Citation - Scopus: 2
Biogas Production From Aquatic Biomass
(Elsevier, 2022-01) Wieczorek, Nils; Kosheleva, Arina; Kuchta, Kerstin; Önen Çınar, Senem; Küçüker, Mehmet Ali; 03.07. Department of Environmental Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
The use of aquatic biomass such as algae, macrophytes, or submerged macrophytes as raw material for biogas production has numerous technical and biological advantages. In addition, synergy effects can be exploited taking into account the implementation of biogas systems in urban areas, and coupling between the production of aquatic biomass, biogas production, and urban material flows can be established. Aquatic biomass, which can be the residue of downstream processes or collected from water bodies in cities, represents an excellent opportunity for both material and energy needs. Anaerobic digestion is a widely implemented technology that is already proven for the treatment of various biomasses. Several studies showed that aquatic biomass is a valuable substrate with its high methane yield, especially codigestion processes. This chapter represents the main idea of the anaerobic digestion process while focusing on the features of the aquatic biomass applications in this process.
Characterization of Asbestos in Ambient Air During Refractory Material Production From Magnesite Ore
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2021) Küçüker, Mehmet Ali; 03.07. Department of Environmental Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Asbestos is a general term employed for crystallized silicate minerals in fibril form. It can be commonly found in nature and from which fibre uses in the industry through processing are obtained. It is dielectric and fibrous, having an elastic feature. However, there is limited information about the air quality in terms of asbestos for the companies that produce refractory materials from magnesite ore. This deficiency in the literature can be eliminated with this study for a company with high quality and durable refractory materials. Among the most commonly used asbestos analysis are scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM). Asbestos analyses have been performed in two different institutions on the parallel samples whose preliminary processes have been completed. According to the results of the examinations conducted by SEM, 23 of the fibrils observed in a total area are bigger than five µmin lengths and less than 3 µm in width. Three of these fibrils were observed to have the characteristics of chrysotile fibres morphemically and elementally. In addition, airborne samples were analyzed using a TEM instrument. According to the results obtained, 13 of the fibrils observed in total were bigger than 5 µm in length and less than 3 µm in width and based on ED analysis and elemental composition (EDXA) results of these fibrils, and they were not observed to have the characteristics of chrysotile fibres. The majority of the fibrils observed were noted to be other inorganic minerals (lizardite) fibrils. Additionally, the obtained results show that the asbestos concentration in the air is below the limit specified by the provision (0,1 fiber/cm3).
Cyanobacterial Communities in Mucilage Collected From Çanakkale Strait (dardanelles): Metagenomic Approach
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2022) Yılmaz, Sevdan; Kahraman Yılmaz, Dilek; Çelik, Ekrem Şanver; Küçüker, Mehmet Ali; 03.07. Department of Environmental Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
In this study, cyanobacterial communities in mucilage samples collected from three stations in the Dardanelles Strait were analyzed with a metagenomic approach. Mucilage samples were collected at the beginning of June 2021 from three points of the Dardanelles (Station 1: 40°6'42.78"N, 26°23'57.00"E; Station 2: 40°9'8.09"N, 26°24'16.19"E; Station 3: 40°6 '21.62"N, 26°22'41.25"E). The dominant cyanobacteria were Prochlorococcus marinus (39.17%), Synechococcus sp. (20.85%), Lyngbya sp. (12.00%), Trichodesmium erythraeum (7.33%), Aphanocapsa sp. (4.33%) and Leptolyngbya sp. (3.33%), which constituted 87.00 % of the total number of sequences. In this study, cyanobacteria species that can cause harmful algal blooms and have toxic effects on the mucilage structure have been determined. The Marmara Sea and the Dardanelles Strait, which have been affected by serious disturbances, including industrial activities, anthropogenic impacts, tourism and artificial lighting, will never be fully restored to their former ecological state. In addition, cyanobacteria species in the mucilage may cause harmful algal blooms and have toxic effects that threaten the future well-being of coastal populations and ecosystem stability. Thus, the government and local authorities should pay more attention to combating the mucilage.
Citation - Scopus: 5
Effect of Covid-19 Pandemic on Ambient Air Quality and Excess Risk of Particulate Matter in Turkey
(2021-12) Gören, Ayşegül Yağmur; Genişoğlu, Mesut; Ökten, Hatice Eser; Sofuoğlu, Sait Cemil; 03.07. Department of Environmental Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
The COVID-19 pandemic, which has reached 4 million global cases as of March 10, 2020, has become a worldwide problem. Turkey is one of the most affected (9th in the world) country with 139 771 cases. An intermittent curfew policy that differ for three age groups, and an intercity travel ban varying within the country have been implemented. The effects of changes in social life and industrial activity in terms of environmental pollution are not yet known. The short-term effects on PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, NO, NOx, O3 and CO concentrations measured at 51 air quality measurement stations (AQMS) in 11 cities in March – April period of 2020 were statistically compared with that of the previous year. While PM2.5 (9/14 AQMS) and PM10 (29/35 AQMS) concentrations were not significantly affected, NO (12/24 AQMS), NO2 (20/29 AQMS), NOX (17/25 AQMS) concentrations were decreased, SO2 concentrations at half of the AQMSs (11/25) did not show a significant change. There were stations at which higher pollutant concentrations were measured in the study period in 2020 compared to that of 2019. Excess risks associated with PM2.5 and PM10 were estimated to be variable, albeit with a small difference. In conclusion, the heterogeneous actions taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in mixed effects on ambient air quality.
An Experimental Study on Release Mechanism of Iron and Manganese From Sediments To the Water Column in Reservoirs
(2021) Vural, Buse; Elçi, Şebnem; Ökten, Hatice Eser; 03.07. Department of Environmental Engineering; 03.03. Department of Civil Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Iron and manganese accumulation in drinking water reservoirs is a challenging issue and should be controlled to prevent their adverse effects on human health. Accumulation of these elements not only clogs pipeline systems but also causes stains on fixtures and laundry. Also, high concentrations of iron and manganese may lead to various health problems when ingested. This study focuses on the release mechanism of iron and manganese from sediments to the water column in reservoirs and investigates methods to prevent this release. Effects of hypoxia, hypolimnetic aeration, alkalinity of water, and thermal stratification on iron and manganese concentrations were investigated through laboratory experiments. Experiments done simulating the water column showed that hypoxia caused more dissolution of ferrous iron when compared with that of manganese. Accordingly, aeration of the water column in hypoxic conditions lead to a significant decrease in ferrous iron concentrations (in our case reaching zero). However, manganese and total iron levels were not affected by the aeration of the water column. Alkalinity level of the water column was observed to have a great effect on the solubility of iron and manganese. Concentrations of total Fe and total Mn measured for acidic (pH = 5) conditions were considerably greater than concentrations measured at neutral conditions. As for alkaline (pH = 11) conditions, the opposite was observed with measured concentrations of total Fe and total Mn being lower than the ones measured for neutral conditions. Thermal stratification had an enhancing effect on the solubility of both iron and manganese ions. While aeration of the stratified water column slightly decreased the concentrations of Total Fe and Mn, it had a greater impact on decreasing $Fe^{2+}$ concentrations.
Fabrication of Superhydrophilic Teos-Lactic Acid Composite Films and Investigation of Biofouling Behaviour
(Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, 2022) Ervan, Tuğçe; Küçüker, Mehmet Ali; Cengiz, Uğur; 03.07. Department of Environmental Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Phytoplankton and diatom microalgae species cause biofouling by adhering to the surfaces, especially in closed cultivation systems such as tubular photobioreactors. This biofilm formation blocks the sunlight; after harvesting, it is necessary to clean the reactor. This cleaning process causes loss not only for time and finance but also in terms of environmental pollution due to using toxic chemicals and excess water usage. This study aimed to investigate the reduction of the microorganism cell adhesion on the hybrid surface. To succeed in this, the composite surface of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and lactic acid (LA) was prepared by the sol-gel process. Then the hybrid surfaces were coated on glass slides by the dip coating method. The wettability performance of the TEOS-LA hybrid surface was investigated using contact angle measurement and light transmittance. The wettability result showed that the superhydrophilic surface having 54 mJ/m2 of surface free energy values was obtained. An increase in the lactic acid content of the composite films increased the surface free energy (SFE) values decreasing the water contact angle. A pencil hardness test characterized the mechanical strength of the surfaces, and it was determined that the hardness of the composite films was decreased by increasing the LA content of the composite films. Resultantly, it is found that the TEOS-LA superhydrophilic composite film reduces the adhesion of microalgae.
Fotobiyokataliz Yöntemi Kullanılarak Pestisit Giderimi-derleme Çalışması
(Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi, 2019) Okçu, Gamze; Ökten, Hatice Eser; Yalçuk, Arda; 03.07. Department of Environmental Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Aromatik yapılı, çevresel koşullarda zorlukla parçalanabilen, kararlı organik kirleticilerin başında gelen pestisitler, atmosfere, su sistemlerine, besin zincirine taşınmakta, asıl kaynaklarından çok uzak noktalarda birikebilmektedir. Konvansiyonel arıtma proseslerinin pestisitlerin gideriminde yetersiz kalmasından dolayı kirletilmiş sulardan uzaklaştırılmaları için yeni arıtım teknolojilerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Son yıllarda, su sistemlerinden konvansiyonel tekniklerle arıtılamayan kirleticilerin giderilmesinde birleşik fotokatalitik-biyolojik arıtma umut verici bir alternatiftir: Fotokataliz toksik organikleri biyolojik olarak parçalanabilir ürünlere dönüştürürken, biyolojik parçalama ürünlerini verimli şekilde mineralize eder. Ön arıtma sırasında gereksiz kimyasal ve %60 oranında enerji sarfiyatından kaçınmak amacıyla ön arıtma basamağında mineralizasyon yüzdesi minimalize edilerek çalışma maliyeti düşürülür. Literatüre göre yalnız kimyasal prosesle yaklaşık %80 pestisit parçalanması ve %50’den az mineralizasyon gözlemlenebilirken hibrit reaktör sistemiyle tamamen parçalanma ve yaklaşık %90 pestisit mineralizasyonu elde edilebilmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı, fotobiyokataliz işleminin, bireysel fotokataliz ve/veya biyolojik arıtma yöntemlerine göre pestisit giderim koşulları kapsamında, temellerini, mekanizmalarını ve literatürde yer alan güncel çalışmaları ele almak ve incelemektir.
Groundwater Pollution by Nitrate From Agricultural Fertilizers: the Case of Menemen Basin (aegean Region, Turkey)
(İZSU, 2017) Gören, Ayşegül Yağmur; Genişoğlu, Mesut; Balcı, Esin; Ökten, Hatice Eser; Baba, Alper; 03.07. Department of Environmental Engineering; 03.03. Department of Civil Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Groundwater is an essential drinking water source in Menemen subbasin of İzmir city, Turkey. The aim of this study was to investigate the groundwater contamination by nitrates of agricultural lands. For this purpose, we evaluated variations of groundwater pH, redox potential, electrical conductivity (EC), major anions (NO3, Cl, SO4, HCO3 and CO3) and cations (Na, K, Ca and Mg). A statistical correlation procedure and piper diagram for hydrogeochemistry of groundwater were also applied. Nitrate levels were found to be higher around agricultural areas. Also EC values and Cl were measured to be higher as proximity to coastal areas increased, indicating seawater intrusion. Agricultural activities and excessive freshwater withdrawal were shown to impair groundwater quality and quantity at Menemen subbasin.
Citation - WoS: 7
Citation - Scopus: 8
How Does Arsenic Speciation (arsenite and Arsenate) in Groundwater Affect the Performance of an Aerated Electrocoagulation Reactor and Human Health Risk?
(Elsevier, 2022-02) Gören, Ayşegül Yağmur; Kobya, Mehmet; Khataee, Alireza; 03.07. Department of Environmental Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Arsenic (As) occurrence in water resources has become one of the most critical environmental problems worldwide. The detrimental health impacts on humans have been reported due to the consumption of As-contaminated groundwater resources. Consumption of As-containing water over the long term can cause arsenicosis and chronic effects on human health due to its toxicity. Several treatment processes are available for As removals such as coagulation, ion exchange, adsorption, and membrane technologies but they have various major drawbacks. In the present work, therefore, an aerated electrocoagulation (EC) system with aluminum anodes was operated for simultaneous arsenate (As(V)) and arsenite (As(III)) removal to overcome the disadvantages of other processes such as, sludge formation, difficulties in operation, high operating costs, high energy consumption, and the requirement of pre-treatment process and to enhance the conventional EC process. The combined effects of the applied current (0.075–0.3 A), aeration rate (0–6 L/min), pH (6.5–8.5), and As speciation (As(V)-As(III)) were studied on As removal efficiency. The findings revealed that As removal mostly depended on the airflow rate and the applied current in the EC system. The highest As removal efficiency (99.1%) was obtained at an airflow rate of 6 L/min, a pH of 6.5, an initial As (V) concentration of 200 μg/L, and a current of 0.3 A, with an energy consumption of 2.85 kWh/m3 and an operating cost of 0.66 $/m3. The human health risk assessment of treated water was also examined to understand the performance of the EC system. At most of the experimental runs, the chronic toxic risk (CTR) and carcinogenic risk (CR) of As were within the permissible limits except for an airflow rate of 0–2 L/min, an initial pH of 8.5, and a current of 0.075–0.15 A for high initial As (III) concentrations. Overall, the As removal performance and groundwater risk assessment show that the EC process is a promising option for industrial applications.
Impacts of Remediation of Halogenated Organic Compounds in Soils and Sediments
(IGI Global, 2022-01) Demirtepe, Hale; 03.07. Department of Environmental Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Halogenated hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) have been used in various industrial applications and are present in many commercial products. Due to their emissions during manufacturing and discharges as wastes, halogenated HOCs such as polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers are ubiquitously found in the environment and create contaminated sites. To remove the contamination from these sites, various remediation techniques have been useful. The purpose of this chapter is to investigate the impacts of traditional and emerging remediation techniques on ecosystem. One of the traditional remediation techniques is dredging and the mostly studied emerging remediation techniques are bioaugmentation and biostimulation. The efficiency of these techniques is also evaluated regarding reduction in contaminant mass. Overall, this chapter presents the efficiency and possible impacts of dredging, bioaugmentation and biostimulation of soils and sediments, and the implications include the evaluation of most feasible remediation techniques by using life cycle assessment.
Citation - Scopus: 2
Indoor Air Co2 Concentrations and Ventilation Rates in Two Residences in İzmir, Turkey
(Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, 2022-06) Taşer, Aybüke; Uçaryılmaz, Sedef; Çataroğlu, Ilgın; Sofuoğlu, Sait Cemil; 03.07. Department of Environmental Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Houses are the places where people spend most of their time. That is why indoor air quality at home is essential for public health. Sufficient ventilation is the factor to avoid accumulation of pollutants in indoor air, which include microorganisms, such as SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, adequate ventilation is needed to provide good indoor air quality for human health and reduce infection risk at home. There are no reports of residential ventilation rates in Turkey. In this study, CO2 concentrations were measured in two residences in Izmir, Turkey. Three experiments were conducted to determine background concentrations and the rate of natural ventilation with infiltration and opening windows. Results show that air exchange provided by infiltration is low for both case rooms, while adequate ventilation could be achieved with natural ventilation under the studied conditions. Infiltration provided air exchange and ventilation rates of 0.18 h-1 and 5.9 m3/h for Case 1 and 0.29 h-1 and 8.23 m3/h for Case 2, respectively. Air exchange and ventilation rates were increased to 2.36 h-1 and 76.9 m3/h for Case 1 and 1.2 h-1 and 34 m3/h for Case 2, respectively, by opening the windows. Although ventilation can be provided by opening the windows, the other factors that determine its rate, e.g., meteorological variables, cannot be controlled by the occupants. Consequently, people cannot ensure the good indoor air quality in bedrooms and sufficient reduction in transmission of pathogenic microorganisms; therefore, risk of spreading diseases such as COVID-19 at home.
İzotop Özelliklerinin Kullanılarak Su-kayaç Etkileşiminin İncelenmesi: Alaşehir Alt Havzası Örneği
(DSİ, 2019) Tonkul, Serhat; Şimşek, Celalettin; Baba, Alper; 03.06. Department of Energy Systems Engineering; 03.03. Department of Civil Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Yeraltı su kaynakları yenilenebilir kaynaklar olmasına karşın, havzalarda aşırı çekim baskısı nedeniyle akiferlerde yeterince depolanamamakta ve depolama rezervi sürekli olarak azalmaktadır. Bu bağlamda son yıllarda yeraltısuyunun sürdürülebilir verimliliğinin arttırılması için kalite ve miktarın belirlenmesine yönelik olarak yüzey ve yeraltısuyu sistemleri arasındaki ilişkinin detaylı olarak çalışılmasına ihtiyaç duyulmuştur. Yüzey ve yeraltısuları arasındaki ilişkinin ortaya konulmasında en çok kullanılan özelliklerden birisi de izotoplardır. İzotoplar yeraltısuları ile kayaçlar arasındaki etkileşimini (su-kayaç ilişkisi) anlamada büyük öneme sahiptir. İzotoplar ile suların izledikleri yollar ve kökenleri hakkında önemli bilgiler alınabilmektedir. Özellikle, jeotermal bir sistemin bulunduğu bölgede, jeotermal rezervuar sıcaklığını tahmin etmede yardımcı olabilen bu izotoplar, aynı zamanda jeotermal bir sistemin evrimini de ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Türkiye’nin batısında yer alan ve ülkenin %2’sini oluşturan Gediz Havzası, önemli bir jeotermal potansiyelin olduğu alan konumundadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında çalışma alanındaki suların fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerinin kullanılarak, Alaşehir alt (Manisa) havzasında yüzey ve yeraltısuyu sistemleri arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, Alaşehir alt havzasında 25 farklı noktada araştırma kuyuları açılmış olup, bu kuyulardan yağışlı ve kurak dönemde alınan yeraltısuyu örnekleri ile bu alandaki yağmur suyu örnekleri üzerinde laboratuvar ortamında, 2017 ve 2018 yılına ait numunelerin izotopik özellikleri değerlendirilmiştir. Buna göre, çalışma sahası ve çevresinde yeraltısularının 2017 ve 2018 yıllarına ait yağışlı ve kurak dönem ? 18O, ? 2H ve ? 3H izotop dağılımlarına bakıldığında genel olarak suların önemli bir kısmının meteorik kökenli olduğu anlaşılmaktadır.
Karbondioksit ve Sınıflar
(Makina Mühendisleri Odası, 2022) Toksoy, Macit; Sofuoğlu, Sait Cemil; 03.07. Department of Environmental Engineering; 03.10. Department of Mechanical Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Türkiye Odalar ve Borsalar Birliği (TOBB), İklimlendirme Meclisi (İM) tarafından kurulan İç Hava Kalitesi Komisyonu, Türkiye için geliştirilecek iç hava kalitesi yönetmeliğine öneri geliştirmek üzere bir İHK - Yönetmelik Limit Değerler Çalışma Grubu oluşturmuştur. Çeşitli üniversitelerden akademisyenlerin ve uzmanların oluşturduğu Çalışma Grubu ilk olarak, okullarda/sınıflarda iç hava kirleticilerinin öğrenci sağlığını etkilemeyecek limit değerlerini önermeyi, ilk hedef olarak belirlemiş ve kendi içinde iç hava kirleticileri için iş bölümü yapmıştır. Bu kitap, Çalışma Grubu içinde yer alan Macit Toksoy ve Sait Cemil Sofuoğlu tarafından sınıf - karbon dioksit – öğrenci arakesiti üzerinde, mevcut Literatürün değerlendirilmesi ile yapılan çalışmanın ürünüdür. Çalışma hem sınıflardaki müsaade edilebilir karbon dioksit konsantrasyonları ile ilgili önerileri geliştirmek hem de sınıflarda yapılacak havalandırma sistemları tasarımı kriterleri için bir referans doküman oluşturmak hedefiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Citation - Scopus: 32
Language of Response Surface Methodology as an Experimental Strategy for Electrochemical Wastewater Treatment Process Optimization
(Elsevier, 2022-01) Gören, Ayşegül Yağmur; Recepoğlu, Yaşar Kemal; Khataee, Alireza; 03.07. Department of Environmental Engineering; 03.02. Department of Chemical Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
The availability and accessibility to safe and secure water resources are the key technological and scientific concerns of global significance. As a result of water scarcity worldwide, wastewater treatment and reuse are considered viable options to replace freshwater resources in agricultural irrigation and domestic and industrial purposes. A significant need for clean water has promoted the invention and/or enhancement of several electrochemical wastewater treatment (EWT) processes. Optimization of the process variables plays a crucial role in wastewater treatment to enhance technology performance, considering removal efficiency, operating cost, and environmental impacts. These processes are fundamentally complex multivariable, and the optimization through conventional methods is unreliable, inflexible, and time- and material-consuming. In this perspective, response surface methodology (RSM) appears to be a beneficial statistical experimental strategy for the performance optimization of the EWT process. This model could be utilized for the optimization and analysis of the individual and/or combined effects of operational variables on the treatment process to improve the system performance. Furthermore, this model provides a number of information from a slight number of experimental trials. In this chapter, a summary and a discussion are presented on the RSM model used in the electrochemical wastewater treatment processes to overcome process crucial challenges toward the optimization and modeling of process parameters. It provides a potential model to enhance the various types of wastewater treatment process performance with effective optimization. Overall, it is described that the RSM model can be used in EWT processes to find the optimum conditions.
Metagenomic Characterization of Planktonic Communities During a Mucilage Event in the Çanakkale Strait (dardanelles), Turkey
(2021) Yılmaz, Sevdan; Küçüker, Mehmet Ali; Kahraman, Dilek; 03.07. Department of Environmental Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
The present study investigates the planktonic communities through metagenomics sequencing during a mucilage event in the Çanakkale Strait (Dardanelles), Turkey. Mucilage samples were collected in May 2021 during an intense period of mucilage formation in three different stations of Dardanelles (Station 1: 40°9'8.09"N, 26°24'16.19"E; Station 2: 40°6'21.62"N, 26°22'41.25"E; Station 3: 40°6'42.78"N, 26°23'57.00"E). The dominant planktonic eukaryotes, at the phylum level, were Dinoflagellata (38.57%), Protalveolata (15.03%), Diatomea (12.41%), Nematozoa (8.44%), Apicomplexa (6.79%) and Chlorophyta (5.43%), which constituted 86.68 % of the total number of sequences. The most dominant OTUs (>10%), were Alexandrium and Syndiniales Group II. other dominant OTUs (>2%) were Viscosia sp., Lankesteria, Arcocellulus, Thalassiosira and Nannochloris. This study has clarified the situation of planktonic communities during a mucilage event in the Çanakkale Strait (Dardanelles), Turkey. As a result, the most dominant genus was Alexandrium, which has been known to produce mucilage. Some Alexandrium species can produce toxins, cause severe impacts on human health, and lead to bivalve, shrimp, and fish mortality. Therefore, a more detailed study is needed to determine the Alexandrium toxins in the mucilage structure. In addition, the heavy metal content of the obtained mucilage was investigated, and the concentrations of the As and Cr are above the disposal limits in the landfill sites. Therefore, collected mucilage from the sea surface should be checked before sending it to landfill sites in terms of the heavy metal content.
Methylene Blue Removal of Fixed-Bed Column Reactor With Pumice and Nzvi-Pumice: Experimental and Modeling Study
(Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, 2019) Genişoğlu, Mesut; Gören, Ayşegül Yağmur; Balcı, Esin; Recepoğlu, Yaşar Kemal; Ökten, Hatice Eser; 03.07. Department of Environmental Engineering; 03.02. Department of Chemical Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) emerges as a low cost and eco-friendly adsorbent to treat textile wastewater, which is rich in dye content. However nZVI particles can easily agglomerate in aqueous environment due to electrostatic interaction, decreasing their treatment efficiency. Therefore pumice, a low-cost and naturally found porous material with lower specific surface area (2m2/gr), can be used as support material to reduce agglomeration of nZVI. Treatment efficiencies of pumice/nZVI packing (10:0 and 9:1 (w/w)) in column reactor for specified initial methylene blue concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/L) were investigated in this study. Adsorption capacities of the adsorbents were calculated as 2.8 and 4.2 mg/g-adsorbent, respectively at 100 mg/L initial methylene blue concentration. Mixed bed column performed significantly better than its pumice-only counterpart for low initial concentrations. Thomas adsorption model was applied to experimental results with a moderate to high predictive power.
Citation - Scopus: 19
Multi‑purpose Reverse Logistics Network Design for Medical Waste Management in a Megacity: Istanbul, Turkey
(Springer, 2022-09) Balcı, Esin; Balcı, Sezin; Sofuoğlu, Aysun; 03.02. Department of Chemical Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
In the study, a multi-purpose reverse logistics network has been designed to create effectual management of medical waste (MW) generated in 39 districts of Istanbul, a heavily populated city, during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as that to be generated in the next decade. With the model, the medical waste management system in Istanbul is analyzed during the pandemic and for the next 10 years. The model attempts to integrate economic, environmental, and social objectives within the sustainable development goals. It aims to maximize the number of personnel and government earnings for the estimated MW of a megacity while minimizing the total fixed cost and the cost of carbon emissions and transportation. The results indicated that the existing facilities are sufficient for the treatment and disposal of MW generated even under pandemic conditions. However, the capacity of the sterilization facility could be insufficient to treat the estimated amount of MW in the next decade. Opening a sterilization facility near the sanitary landfill in Komurcuoda with a total management cost of 62,450,332 €/year would be an optimum solution for Istanbul MW. In comparison to the single-purpose model results, the multi-purpose model resulted in approximately 42,000 € more in total cost. Sensitivity analyses show that the amount of MW has the most significant effect on the total cost. This simple model created an effective MW management proposal for Istanbul, which can be a model for megacities.

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