Mechanical Engineering / Makina Mühendisliği

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Browsing Mechanical Engineering / Makina Mühendisliği by Subject "Acid leaching"

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    The Effect of the Temperature of Heat Treatment Process and the Concentration and Duration of Acid Leaching on the Size and Crystallinity of Nano-Silica Powders Formed by the Dissociation of Natural Diatom Frustule
    (American Scientific Publishers, 2022-08) Ülker, Sevkan; Güden, Mustafa
    The present study focused on the processing of nano-silica powders in varying sizes and crystallinities through IP: 846247.10 On: Wed, 14 Dec 2022 07:29:25 heat treatment (900-1200 degrees C), hydrofluoric acid leaching (1-7 N), and ball milling (1 h, 500 rpm) of natural Copyright American Scentfic P blishers diatom frustules. The starting natural frustules were determined to be composed of amorphous silica (88%) Delivered by Ingenta and quartz. The partially ordered crystalline low-quartz and or precursor to low-cristobalite started to form at-900 degrees C. As the heat treatment temperature increased, the crystallinity of the frustules increased from 9.3% at 25 degrees C to 46% at 1200 degrees C. Applying a ball milling reduced the mean particle sizes of the as-received and heat-treated frustules from 15.6-13.7 mu m to 7.2-6.7 mu m, respectively. Acid leaching of the as-received and heat-treated frustules resulted in a further increase in the crystallinity. Furthermore, a ball milling applied after an acid leaching was very effective in reducing the particle size of the as-received and heat-treated frustules. The mean particle size of the acid-leached frustules decreased to 774-547 nm with a crystallinity varying between 12 and 48% after ball milling. A partially dissolved amorphous phase was observed in between crystalline silica grains after acid leaching, which resulted in a rapid fracture/separation of the frustules in ball milling.
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    Thermal and Acid Treatment of Diatom Frustules
    (International OCSCO World Press, 2011-06) Gültürk, Elif; Güden, Mustafa
    Purpose: Diatoms, belonging to Bacilariophyta family, are single-celled microscopic (1-100 micron) plants living in aquatic environment. The diatom cell is protected inside a shell (frustule) constructed from amorphous nano-silica particles. It is proposed that the frustules and purified silica powders obtained from frustules can be used to reinforce composites. In this study, microstructural properties of two diatom frustules were determined and different methods were investigated for silica powder processing from diatom frustules. Design/methodology/approach: Natural (ND) and calcined (CD) diatom frustules were used in this study. The chemical and microscopic properties of the diatom frustules were determined using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR) and energy dispersive X-Ray Florescence spectrometer (XRF). Two different processing routes were applied to process silica powder from diatom frustules. These included (i) leaching the frustules directly in HF, (ii) incorporating thermally treated frustules in to the liquid nitrogen. Findings: At increasing HF concentrations, the variety of shapes, nanopores and open voids were seen on the surface of frustules as silica particles were removed from the surface. SEM micrograph results showed that HF significantly etched inside the existing pore structure of the diatom frustules. HF concentration was found more effective in mass loss than the leaching time. Thermal treatment induced several cracks propagated between macro pores and nanopores of the frustules. Practical implications: Results show that thermal and acid treatments were not effective for obtaining silica powder from frustules. Ball milling can be used for silica powder processing from frustules in the further study. Originality/value: In this paper, the microstructural properties of ND and CD frustules were determined. The effect of thermal and acid treatment on frustules was investigated with SEM.