04. Mühendislik Fakültesi / Faculty of Engineering
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Browsing 04. Mühendislik Fakültesi / Faculty of Engineering by Author "02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning"
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Article Citation - WoS: 10Citation - Scopus: 11Adapting Cities To Pluvial Flooding: the Case of Izmir (türkiye)(MDPI, 2022-12) Salata, Stefano; Couch, Virginia Thompson; Velibeyoğlu, Koray; Baba, Alper; Saygın, Nicel; Uzelli, Taygun; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 03.03. Department of Civil Engineering; 02.02. Department of Architecture; 01.01. Units Affiliated to the Rectorate; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 02. Faculty of ArchitectureIn the coming decades, climate change will be one of the most significant challenges for urban areas. The quantity, duration and intensity of events, such as flash rains and heat waves, will increase the vulnerability of urban regions while exposing citizens to potentially dangerous conditions. According to the current literature, mainstreaming resilience in urban planning means designing rules that strengthen urban systems’ adaptive and self-regulating functions by reducing their vulnerability. In this work, we aimed to build knowledge for the application of the sponge district concept to Izmir (Türkiye), one of Europe’s most vulnerable areas to pluvial flooding. To do this, we first analyzed the runoff in each urban sub-watershed, then employed a composite index to determine potential areas of intervention for nature-based solutions. Results show that 10% of Izmir’s urban areas are extremely vulnerable to cloudbursts, which means that 40% of the urban population is exposed to this phenomenon. Moreover, the runoff calculation in the sub-watershed demonstrated that the potential flood volume is underestimated, especially in the upslope areas. The results can be used as a template to suggest a stepwise approach to mainstream the resilience of densely-inhabited coastal urban catchments.Conference Object Akifere Yağıştan Süzülme Miktarının Sondaj Verileri Kullanılarak Tahmin Edilmesi: Alaşehir (manisa) Havzası(TMMOB Jeoloji Mühendisleri Odası, 2018) Tonkul, Serhat; Baba, Alper; Şimşek, Celalettin; Tayfur, Gökmen; Durukan, Seda; Kumanlıoğlu, Ahmet; Demirkesen, Ali Can; 03.06. Department of Energy Systems Engineering; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 03.03. Department of Civil Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologySon yıllarda iklim değişikliğine bağlı su kullanımının artması ve buna ek olarak aşırı nüfus artışı, yeraltısuyu kullanımını arttırmakta ve su kaynaklarını tehdit etmektedir. Su kaynaklarının sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanması için barajlar ve yapay göller inşa edilmekte, ancak bu yapıların geniş yüzey alanlarında çok fazla buharlaşma görülmektedir. Dolayısı ile yeraltı suyunun, buharlaşma kayıplarının yaşanmadığı direkt yağış ile beslenen yapay beslenmesi önem kazanmaktadır. Yapay beslenme, havzalardaki suyu fazla buharlaşmadan korur ve su kaynaklarının potansiyelini artırıp, sürdürülebilirliğini sağlar. Bu çalışma kapsamında nümerik metotlar kullanılarak, Alaşehir (Manisa) havzasında alüvyon akiferin beslenmesinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Türkiye’nin batısında yer alan ve ülkenin %2’sini oluşturan Gediz Havzası, önemli bir yeraltı suyu potansiyelinin olduğu ve kullanıldığı alan konumundadır.Conference Object A Data Coding and Screening System for Accident Risk Patterns: A Learning System(WITPress, 2011) Geçer Sargın, Feral; Geçer Sargın, Feral; Duvarcı, Yavuz; Duvarcı, Yavuz; İnan, E.; İnan, E.; Kumova, Bora İsmail; Kumova, Bora İsmail; Atay Kaya, İlgi; Atay Kaya, İlgi; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 03.04. Department of Computer Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyAccidents on urban roads can occur for many reasons, and the contributing factors together pose some complexity in the analysis of the casualties. In order to simplify the analysis and track changes from one accident to another for comparability, an authentic data coding and category analysis methods are developed, leading to data mining rules. To deal with a huge number of parameters, first, most qualitative data are converted into categorical codes (alpha-numeric), so that computing capacity would also be increased. Second, the whole data entry per accident are turned into ID codes, meaning each crash is possibly unique in attributes, called 'accident combination', reducing the large number of similar value accident records into smaller sets of data. This genetical code technique allows us to learn accident types with its solid attributes. The learning (output averages) provides a decision support mechanism for taking necessary cautions for similar combinations. The results can be analyzed by inputs, outputs (attributes), time (years) and the space (streets). According to Izmir's case results; sampled data and its accident combinations are obtained for 3 years (2005 - 2007) and their attributes are learned. © 2011 WIT Press.Conference Object Detection of Urban Change Using Remote Sensing and Gis: Izmir Case(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2008) Tarhan, Çiğdem; Arkon, Cemal; Çelik, M.; Gümüştekin, Şevket; Tecim, V.; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 03.05. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyThis study is an example of how land use changes could be detected via high resolution remotely sensed data. In order to perform "change detection" IKONOS satellite images, belonging to 2001 and 2004, have been used. An automated Graphical User Interface (GUI) has been created for detection of environment. Different image enhancement techniques and a fuzzy inference system have been combined in the GUI. The detection results are classified according to some basic levels such as 20-50% and 70%. Additionally, four different change detection algorithms have been applied which are pixel-based, object based, feature based. These algorithms have been examined according to change detection levels with different image enhancement techniques. At the end of the study, the results have been compared.Article Citation - WoS: 7Citation - Scopus: 7Estimation Groundwater Total Recharge and Discharge Using Gis-Integrated Water Level Fluctuation Method: a Case Study From the Alasehir Alluvial Aquifer Western Anatolia, Turkey(Springer Verlag, 2020) Şimşek, Celalettin; Demirkesen, Ali Can; Baba, Alper; Kumanlıoğlu, Ahmet; Durukan, Seda; Aksoy, Niyazi; Tayfur, Gökmen; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 03.03. Department of Civil Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyThe estimation of groundwater recharge is an essential process for hydrogeological study. Realistic determination approach is crucial for assessing groundwater potential in an aquifer system and estimating of groundwater levels and/or changes in dry periods. Based on these matters, we employ a GIS-integrated groundwater level fluctuation method to determine the groundwater recharge for a hydrological period in the Alasehir alluvial aquifer (W. Anatolia). The method basically takes into account both increasing and decreasing of the groundwater levels due to the recharge and discharge mechanisms in the aquifer. In this study, 16 pumping and monitoring wells were drilled with a total depth of 1300 m, and water level data loggers were installed into the monitoring wells to determine the groundwater level changes. The spatial distribution of the monthly groundwater level change map was multiplied by the aquifer storage distribution map and then the accurate water volume is calculated by using the 3-D spatial analysis. According to our evaluation in the aquifer, positive volume change of the groundwater is 187 hm(3) in a year, which is considered as a recharge value of groundwater. It is concluded that the GIS-integrated water table fluctuation method gave rise to estimate the total recharge amount of the groundwater in the Alasehir aquifer. The total groundwater recharge indicates that total inflow in the aquifer from precipitation, leakage from surface water and irrigation waters. It can be stated that the recharge estimation of groundwater in a surficial aquifer, like the Alasehir aquifer, is fairly easy using the GIS-integrated water table fluctuation method.Article Citation - WoS: 5Citation - Scopus: 8Forecasting Interregional Commodity Flows Using Artificial Neural Networks: an Evaluation(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2004-12) Çelik, Hüseyin Murat; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyPrevious studies have concluded that the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) is a promising new technique for modelling freight distribution, supporting, the findings of other studies in the area of spatial interaction modelling. However, the forecasting performance of ANNs is still under investigation. This study tests the predictive performance of the ANN Model with respect to a Box-Cox spatial interaction model. It is concluded that the Box-Cox model outperforms ANN in forecasting interregional commodity flows even if ANN had proven calibration superiority in comparison to conventional gravity type models.Article Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 4Groundwater in Local Development Strategies: Case of Izmir(IWA Publishing, 2018-08) Velibeyoğlu, Koray; Yazdani, Hamidreza; Baba, Alper; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 03.03. Department of Civil Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyThis study takes into account groundwater in local development strategies of Izmir, in which rapid and uneven development has occurred in recent decades. Therefore, resilience thinking is needed in the future development of the city-region. To this end, the paper aims to make an analysis of recently completed asset-based local development strategies for Izmir city towards water resiliency. The methodology has two main steps. Firstly, by using spatial interaction analysis of peninsula and river basins, potential vulnerabilities and risks are indicated. Secondly, a stratified model of strategy evaluation is conducted by scrutinizing the existing layered approaches. Then, these models were applied to all strategic decisions including water resources and indicated a high level of consistency to achieve sustainable and resilient use of blue-green infrastructure in the future of Izmir’s metropolitan area. Local assets, including water resources, are the backbone of future development of the Izmir city-region. Therefore, usage of local assets in a multi-level perspective of strategy development needs to be understood. The stratified model denotes that special emphasis should be given to different river basins in different levels. This study illustrates that synergy management is needed between different layers of local development strategies, in which the role of urban and rural households is of the utmost importance.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1Groundwater Recharge Estiaton in the Alaşehir Sub-Basin Using Hydro-Geochemical Data; Alaşehir Case Study(Springer, 2021) Tonkul, Serhat; Baba, Alper; Şimşek, Celalettin; Demirkesen, Ali Can; 03.06. Department of Energy Systems Engineering; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 03.03. Department of Civil Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology; 02. Faculty of ArchitectureThe issue of groundwater recharge has gained importance in countries where there is not enough water supply to the aquifer. However, groundwater recharge is a difficult parameter to determine. This difficulty stems from factors such as the location of the area to be studied, time, cost, and hydrological data. Numerical, isotope, and chemical approaches are used in groundwater recharge investigations. Numerical and chemical approaches are more costly and time-consuming than chemical approaches. This study aims to ascertain alluvial aquifer recharge in Alaehir (Manisa) sub-basin using chemical approaches (Chloride Mass Balance Method) and its applicability. For this purpose, research wells were drilled at 25 different points in the alluvial aquifer, water sampling was done in wet and dry periods, and rainwater water samples were collected. Groundwater recharge was calculated by using chemical approaches from the chloride concentrations of the water samples collected. An annual average of 74.84 mm of recharge was found in the Alaehir sub-basin. This value corresponds to 16.38% of annual rainfall. At the same time, it was examined the groundwater and geothermal mixing mechanism to demonstrate the applicability of the Chloride Mass Balance Method. It was concluded that geothermal fluid in Alaehir sub-basin mixed with groundwater at a rate of 17%.Article Citation - WoS: 15Citation - Scopus: 18Groundwater Recharge Estimation Using Hydrus 1d Model in Alaşehir Sub-Basin of Gediz Basin in Turkey(Springer Verlag, 2019-10) Tonkul, Serhat; Baba, Alper; Şimşek, Celalettin; Durukan, Seda; Demirkesen, Ali Can; Tayfur, Gökmen; 03.06. Department of Energy Systems Engineering; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 03.03. Department of Civil Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyGediz Basin, located in the western part of Turkey constituting 2% land of the country, has an important groundwater potential in the area. Alasehir sub-basin, located in the southeast of the Gediz Basin and subject to the extensive withdrawal for the irrigation, constitutes the study area. Natural recharge to the sub-basin due to precipitation is numerically investigated in this study. For this purpose, 25 research wells, whose depths range from 20 to 50 m, were drilled to observe the recharge and collect the necessary field data for the numerical model. Meteorological data were collected from 3 weather stations installed in the study area. The numerical model HYDRUS was calibrated using the field water content data. Soil characterization was done on the core samples; the aquifer characterization was performed, and the alluvial aquifer recharge due to precipitation was calculated. As a result, the computed recharge value ranges from 21.78 to 68.52 mm, with an average value of 43.09 mm. According to the numerical model, this amount of recharge corresponds to 10% of the amount of annual rainfall.Conference Object Groundwater Resources in Local Development Strategies: Case of Izmir(International Water Association, 2017) Velibeyoğlu, Koray; Yazdani, Hamidreza; Baba, Alper; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 03.03. Department of Civil Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyRural socio economic development has gained utmost importance in Turkish Metropolitan Municipalities within the frame of recent legal changes extending boundaries towards their peripheral areas. With this regard, Ġzmir Metropolitan Municipality has completed series of local development strategies aiming at the sustainable development of the city‘s rural hinterland. For three fertile sub region of Izmir, namely as Yarımada, Gediz Bakırçay and Küçük Menderes, local development strategies were prepared consecutively. In the framework of local development strategies; agriculture, tourism, settlement pattern and culture, local innovation and entrepreneurship, and environmental issues and water resources were examined as project themes. Among them, water resources has utmost important since the local development of whole sectors are largely dependent on them. Therefore, local development strategies have underlined the reality of river basins and potentials and limitations on groundwater resources due to the fact that surface waters have already been contaminated.Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 1Investigation of Groundwater Potential and Groundwater Pollution Risk Using the Multi-Criteria Method: a Case Study (the Alasehir Sub-Basin, Western Turkey)(Springer, 2020) Demirkesen, Ali Can; Budak, Seda; Şimşek, Celalettin; Baba, Alper; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 03.03. Department of Civil Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology; 02. Faculty of ArchitectureDetermination of the groundwater potential (GWP) and groundwater pollution risk (GWPR) areas is a very important tool in the semi-arid regions in the world. Like many countries in the world, most of the major settlements in the cities of Turkey are located in permeable alluvial plains. Therefore, significant groundwater pollution is encountered in an alluvial plain containing settlements and industrial sites. This study focuses on the determination of the GWP and GWPR areas in the Alasehir sub-basin, which is one of the economically important districts of the Aegean region, located in the Gediz River basin in western Turkey. In this study, the GWP and the GWPR areas were identified and a GWP index map was generated. The GWP areas in the study basin were determined using different proxies as a multi-criteria method based on geographic information system (GIS) integrated with remote sensing (RS). The result of the study indicates that the most GWP locations in the basin are seen in the west and southeast of the study region. Based on these results, it is understood that the significant GWP and GWPR areas are near the big settlement districts such as Alasehir and Salihli. In particular, the 115-ha organized industrial zone located in the Salihli district is an important factor of the potential for consuming and contaminating water resources. This study method is so important for the selection of both city and industrial areas as well as for regional environmental planning in terms of the GWPR management.Conference Object Investigation of Groundwater Recharges Mechanism in Alasehir Plain: From Physical Characterization To Modelling(International Water Association, 2017) Şimşek, Celalettin; Baba, Alper; Aksoy, Niyazi; Demirkıran, Zülfü; Hasözbek, Altuğ; Tayfur, Gökmen; Kumanlıoğlu, Ahmet; Durukan, Seda; Demirkesen, Ali Can; Murathan, Alim; Çağıran, Ömer; Akdeğirmen, Özgün; Tonkul, Serhat; 03.06. Department of Energy Systems Engineering; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 03.03. Department of Civil Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology; 02. Faculty of ArchitectureCharacteristics of aquifer that allows the flow of groundwater, recharge and discharge mechanism effect the available groundwater potential. In order to determine the available potential of groundwater, the budget components are the most important parameters. In general, different analogical methods are applied in different countries, instead of using measurable data. Determination of the groundwater recharge is the most difficult parameter to be measured among the hydrological budget parameters. In general, the analogical methods are insufficient to determine the groundwater recharge rate. Precipitation, evaporation-transportation and runoff can be measured from the surface meteorological station. However, estimation of groundwater recharge cannot be measured directly. At the moment of climate change, visualization of the spatial distribution of the groundwater recharge estimation and mapping are needed. Therefore, improvements of easy groundwater recharge techniques are very important tools for groundwater basins to develop the water management planning.Conference Object Citation - Scopus: 1Lighting Quality and Work Performance Based on Glazing Types and Dynamic Led Lighting(IEEE, 2022) Köse, Fatma Büşra; Tayfur, Gökmen; Duran, Hasan Engin; Kazanasmaz, Zehra Tuğçe; 02.02. Department of Architecture; 03.03. Department of Civil Engineering; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyThe combination of daylight characteristics and LED lighting quantities determines offices' visual environment. Lighting conditions can influence office workers' health and work performance. This study is an experimental one containing lighting measurements in two offices, subjective performance tests, and questionnaires to find out how work performance, lighting preferences, and satisfaction with lighting quality modify in terms of various glass types and dynamic LED lighting quantities. Glass types have strong impacts on contrast tests on paper and luminance which are corresponding to work performance. Regarding lighting quality, it strongly relates to the homogeneity of light, the impression of artificial light and the perception of objects' textures and color, contrast balance between paper and the surrounding. When the glass was modified in offices, we observed that participants preferred to change the CCT setting of LED by remote control, and in relation to that the eye-level illuminance and SPDs showed significant changes. So, the findings depicted the importance of the choice of glass types concerning LED lighting settings in terms of the above variables.Conference Object Making Accident Data Compatible With Its-Based Traffic Management: Turkish Case(Intelligent Transport Systems, 2010) Duvarcı, Yavuz; Geçer Sargın, Feral; Kumova, Bora İsmail; Çınar, Ali Kemal; Selvi, Ömer; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 03.04. Department of Computer Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 02. Faculty of ArchitectureOne of the most important reasons of the high rate of accidents would largely lend itself to ineffective data collection and evaluation process since the necessary information cannot be obtained effectively from the traffic accidents reports (TAR). The discord and dealing with non-relevant data may appear at four levels: (1) Country and Cultural, (2) Institutional and organizational, (3) Data collection, (4) Data analysis and Evaluation. The case findings are consistent with this knowledge put forward in the literature; there is a transparency problem in coordination between the institutions as well as the inefficient TAR data, which is open to manipulation; the problem of under-reporting and inappropriate data storage prevails before the false statistical evaluation methods. The old-fashioned data management structure causes incompatibility with the novel technologies, avoiding timely interventions in reducing accidents and alleviating the fatalities. Transmission of the data to the interest agencies for evaluation and effective operation of the ITS-based systems should be considered. The problem areas were explored through diagnoses at institutional, data collection, and evaluation steps and the solutions were determined accordingly for the case city of Izmir.Article Citation - Scopus: 31Modeling Freight Distribution Using Artificial Neural Networks(Elsevier Ltd., 2004-06) Çelik, Hüseyin Murat; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyStudies about freight distribution modeling are limited due to the limitations in data availability. Existing studies in this subject, generally either use the conventional gravity models or the regression based models as modeling techniques. The present study, using the 1993 US Commodity Flow Survey Data, models inter-regional commodity flows for 48 continental states of the US with three different artificial neural networks (ANN). The results are compared with those of Celik and Guldmann's (2002) Box-Cox Regression Model. The ANN using conventional gravity model variables provides a slight improvement with respect to this Box-Cox model. However, the ANNs using theoretically relevant variables provide surprising improvements in comparison to the Box-Cox model. It is concluded that ANN architecture is a very promising technique for predicting short-term inter-regional commodity flows.Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 3A Quality Assessment of Public Water Fountains and Relation To Human Health: a Case Study From Yozgat, Turkey(John Wiley and Sons Inc., 2019-11) İritaş, Servet Birgin; Türksoy, Vugar Ali; Deniz, Serdar; Koçoğlu, Serhat; Kırat, Güllü; Demirkesen, Ali Can; Baba, Alper; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 03.03. Department of Civil Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyPublic fountains are very common and everyday people appreciate the benefits a water fountain can bring. However, consumption of public fountain water in some country has decreased because of growing concerns that constituents in fountain water may have adverse effects on health. A few studies have examined the safety of public fountains, proposing only limited evidence of fountain-related health issues in Turkey. Most of these public fountains are sourced from natural springs in Turkey. In this study, a 177 fountain water and 32 rock samples were analysed for source and quality of water. The geology of the region has the direct impact on the quality of the public fountain water. The results indicate that the level of some elements exceeded the limit values determined by WHO and US.EPA. The most striking high values were observed for iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), aluminum (Al), arsenic (As) and bromine (Br) concentrations.Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 1Significance of Rent Attributes in Prediction of Earthquake Damage in Adapazari, Turkey(Czech Technical University in Prague, 2014-12) Tayfur, Gökmen; Bektaş, Birkan; Duvarcı, Yavuz; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 03.03. Department of Civil Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyThis paper analyses rent-based determinants of earthquake damage from an urban planning perspective with the data gathered from Adapazari, Turkey, after the disaster in 1999 Eastern Marmara Earthquake (EME). The study employs linear regression, log-linear regression, and artificial neural networks (ANN) methods for cross-verification of results and for finding out the significant urban rent attribute(s) responsible for the damage. All models used are equally capable of predicting the earthquake damage and converge to similar results even if the data are limited. Of the rent variables, the physical density is proved to be especially significant in predicting earthquake damage, while the land value contributes to building resistance. Thus, urban rent can be the primary tool for planners to help reduce the fatalities in preventive planning studies.Article Citation - Scopus: 31Spatial Interaction Modeling of Interregional Commodity Flows(Elsevier Ltd., 2007-06) Çelik, Hüseyin Murat; Guldmann, Jean-Michel; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyDrawing from both the spatial price equilibrium theoretical framework and the empirical literature on spatial interaction modeling, this paper expands models of interregional commodity flows (CFs) by incorporating new variables and using a flexible Box-Cox functional form. The 1993 US commodity flows survey provides the empirical basis for estimating state-to-state flow models for 16 commodity groups over the 48 continental US states. The optimized Box-Cox specification proves to be superior to the multiplicative one in all cases, while selected variables provide new insights into the determinants of state-to-state CFs.Research Project Trafik kazalarının önlenmesinde dinamik veri yönetimi ile erken uyarı sistemi: İzmir'in kaza yoğun caddelerinde pilot çalışma(2011) Duvarcı, Yavuz; Geçer Sargın, Feral; Kumova, Bora; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 03.04. Department of Computer Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyKazaları en aza indirmek, büyük oranda kazaların nerede, ne zaman ve ne biçimde olabileceğinin doğru tahmin edilebilmesine bağlıdır. Tahmin modellerinden her yere genellenebilecek sonuçlar belirlenememekte, daha sağlıklı sonuçlar için mutlaka yere özgü modellerin kurulması gerekmektedir. Trafik kazalarının mekansal bağıllığı parametrelerin birleşik etkisine de bağlı olarak, oldukça yüksek olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu projenin özgünlüğü ise; önerilecek sistemin, istatistiksel yöntemlerle “genel parametre” tahmini modeli yaklaşımı yerine, “mekan-bazlı” kullanılabilecek bir veri tabanı yönetimi işleyiş şeması olmasıdır. Günümüzde artık, akıllı ulaşım teknolojileriyle verinin dinamik olarak işlendiği, erken uyarı bilgisinin üretilebileceği bir veri otomasyon sistemi gereksinimi duyulmaktadır. Bunlar istatistiksel modeller oluşturmayı gerektirmeyen, güncellenen veriyle beslenen sistem yaklaşımlarıdır. Kategori analizi ile, ilk iki yılda (2005-2006) elde edilen model verileri ikinci yılki (2007) saha verileri (test) ile karşılaştırılarak benzer çıkıp çıkmadığı test edilecek, önerilen yaklaşımın sınaması yapılmış olacaktır. Projede beklenen sonuca ulaşıldığı takdirde kazaların engellenmesi ya da azaltılması yönünde erken uyarı sistemi için mekan ve durum uyarlı bir düzenek önerilecektir. Projenin nihai hedefi, trafik birimlerine kazaların azaltılmasında bir karar destek mekanizması olarak yararlanabilecekleri gerçekzaman veri analizi için erken uyarı sisteminin oluşmasına öncülük etmektir. Bu sistemle, risk oluşma aşamasında, kısa-vadeli operasyonel önlemlerin zamanında ve yerinde alınması, yetkililerin enerjisinin doğru zamanda doğru yere yönlendirilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Projenin çabası, gelecekte oluşturulacak gerçek-zamanlı veri analiz sisteminin çok boyutlu kategori analizi yöntemiyle nasıl olabileceğini göstermek, ve yararlılığını pilot caddelerin kaza verileri üzerinden kanıtlamaktır. 30 ayda tamamlanan proje çalışması, şu üç temel aşamadan oluşmuştur: Veri tabanı oluşturma ve faktörlerin belirlenmesi, toplanan verinin kategori analizi yöntemiyle değerlendirilmesi ve erken uyarı sistemi için uygulamaya dönük sistem modeli önerisi.Research Project Türkiye'de gerçekleştirilen jeotermal enerji projelerinin temiz enerji bağlamında değerlendirilmesi: Balçova jeotermal bölgesel ısıtma sistemi- İzmir ve Kızıldere jeotermal santrali-Denizli(2008) Gökçen, Gülden; Sofuoğlu, Aysun; Yenidünya, Ali Fazıl; Yaşa, İhsan; Eroğlu, Ahmet E.; Özdemir, Semahat; Elçi, Şebnem; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 03.02. Department of Chemical Engineering; 04.03. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; 03.03. Department of Civil Engineering; 04.01. Department of Chemistry; 03.06. Department of Energy Systems Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology; 02. Faculty of ArchitectureJeotermal enerjinin hem elektrik üretiminde hem de elektrik dışı kullanımlarında (konut, sera, havuz ısıtma, balık yetiştirme vb.), fiziksel, kimyasal, biyolojik ve sosyo-ekonomik çevreye olumlu ve olumsuz etkiler sözkonusudur. Pek çok jeotermal uygulamanın görüldüğü ülkemizde, elektrik üretimi ve elektrik dışı kullanımlarda oluşan çevresel etkilerin belirlenmesi amacıyla seçilen iki örnek Saha; elektrik üretimi için mevcut ilk ve tek konvansiyonel jeotermal santral olan Kızıldere Jeotermal Santralı-Denizli, elektrik dışı kullanım için ise Türkiye’nin en büyük jeotermal bölgesel ısıtma sistemi olan Balçova Jeotermal Bölgesel Isıtma Sistemi-İzmir’dir. Seçilen her bir örnek Saha’nın fiziksel çevreye olan etkileri (sondaj ve işletme sırasında oluşan gürültü, katı atıklar), kimyasal çevreye olan etkileri (gaz emisyonu, su ve toprak kirliliği, yeraltı ve yüzey sularında kirlilik yayılımı), biyolojik çevreye olan etkileri (insan, hayvan sağlığı, bitki örtüsü), jeotermal akışkanlarda üreyen mikroorganizmaların belirlenmesi ve bunun ışığında çok amaçlı biyoteknolojik enzim üretimi ve toplum üzerindeki sosyoekonomik etkileri (hayat standardının yükselmesi, yeni iş olanakları, konut ve toprak fiyatlarının artışı, sosyo-politik organizasyonlar, sosyo-kültürel problemler) detaylı olarak incelenmiş ve önerilen jeotermal uygulama projelerinin kabulü aşamasında Çevresel Etki Değerlendirme (ÇED) prosesinin gerekliliği ve projelerin uygulama aşamasında ise çevresel etkilerin sürekli gözlenmesi gerektiği vurgulanmıştır. Ortaya çıkabilecek olumsuz etkilerin ortadan kaldırılması ve yapılacak müdahalelerin kanuni çerçeveye oturtulabilmesi için öneriler getirilmiştir.
